A/HRC/18/35 the extraction or development of natural resources on or near indigenous lands. A review of the responses to a questionnaire on these issues and an initial assessment has been incorporated into the section below. III. Extractive industries operating within or near indigenous territories 22. The impact of extractive industries on indigenous peoples is a subject of special concern to the Special Rapporteur. In several country-specific5 and special reports,6 and in his review of particular cases,7 he has examined various situations in which mining, forestry, oil and natural gas extraction and hydroelectric projects have affected the lives of indigenous peoples. Also, as noted above, the Special Rapporteur’s previous thematic studies have focused on the duty of States to consult indigenous peoples and corporate responsibility, issues that invariably arise when extractive industries operate or seek to operate on or near indigenous territories. 23. In 2003, in his report to the Commission on Human Rights, the previous mandate holder examined issues associated with large-scale development projects, raising concern about the long-term effects of a certain pattern of development that entails major violations of the collective cultural, social, environmental and economic rights of indigenous peoples within the framework of the globalized market economy.8 24. Since then, numerous developments have taken place in this area. In 2007, the discussion and adoption by the General Assembly of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples contributed to a greater awareness about the human rights implications for indigenous peoples of natural resource extraction and other development projects. Following the revision of World Bank policy on indigenous peoples in 2005, several international and regional financial institutions have developed their own policies and guidelines regarding public or private projects affecting indigenous peoples.9 Among the latest of these developments, in May 2011, OECD updated its Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises to strengthen standards for corporations in the field of international human rights, including those pertaining to indigenous peoples. Also, the International Financial Corporation has undertaken a revision of its performance standard on indigenous peoples, a process to which the Special Rapporteur contributed (see paragraph 14 above). 25. The work of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises, which has led to the development of the “Protect, Respect and Remedy” framework and the principles for its implementation, has further contributed to raising the awareness of the impact of business operations on human rights. The framework and principles, which were endorsed by the Human Rights Council in its resolution 17/4, provide further grounding for advancing in the operationalization of indigenous peoples’ rights in the context of business operations. 26. Extractive industry activities generate effects that often infringe upon indigenous peoples’ rights; public agencies and private business enterprises involved in the extraction or development of natural resources, in both developing and developed countries, have 5 See for example A/HRC/15/37/Add.5, paras. 41-51; A/HRC/15/27/Add.4, para. 27; A/HRC/15/37/Add.2, paras. 41-42; A/HRC/12/34/Add.6, paras. 33-39; and A/HRC/12/34/Add.2, paras. 55-58. 6 See A/HRC/15/35/Add.4; A/HRC/18/35/Add.8; and A/HRC/12/34/Add.5. 7 See A/HRC/15/37/Add.1A/HRC/12/34/Add.1. 8 E/CN.4/2003/90, para. 69. 9 See A/HRC/9/9, para. 72. 8