Box 2. Overview of Standards and Mechanisms on Minorities There are many standards and mechanisms at the global and regional level that aim to protect minorities. There are several legally binding international treaties with specific provisions aimed at minority groups and indigenous peoples, in addition to two relevant non-legally binding UN declarations. (see Table 1). Further details can be found in Chapters 11-12. Table 1. Key international standards on minorities and indigenous peoples Treaty Organisation Monitoring or Review Mechanism State Ratifications12 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Article 27) United Nations Human Rights Committee 165 Convention on the Rights of the Child (Article 30) United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child 193 ILO Convention 169 Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples United Nations Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations 20 Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCNM) Council of Europe Advisory Committee 39 European Charter on Regional and Minority Languages Council of Europe Committee of Experts 24 Declaration Organisation Related Thematic Mechanisms State Support UN Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities United Nations Forum on Minority Issues; Independent Expert on minority issues Adopted by consensus of UN General Assembly UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues; Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Adopted by consensus of UN General Assembly Ratifications as of 2 March 2010. 12 Chapter 3: Fundamental Rights and Principles 27