Tool 7. (continued) Data sources Does the political system ensure • Grave statements by political leaders/ participation by all groups, prominent people that express support including women in all groups? for affirmation of superiority of a race or an ethnic group, dehumanize and Is the government accountable demonize minorities, or condone or justify in fact to all groups? violence against a minority. Does the political system encourage • Development and organization of militia parties to seek support across different groups, or force parties and groups and/or extreme political groups voters into ethnic or religious blocs? based on a racist platform. • Existence of proactive communities Where there is devolution abroad fostering extremism and/or or decentralization, are the providing arms. boundaries arbitrary? If devolution is on the basis of ‘ethnic’ or ‘religious’ areas are minorities within those areas given equal rights and the ability to freely express their identity? • Public statements of government officials and political leaders • Media reports, including minority language or minority group media outlets • New or existing legislation • Constitutional provisions • UN Treaty Body reports • NHRI reports • CSO reports • Dialogue with minority groups • Ethnic Distance surveys Does the Constitution guarantee equality? Is there systematic discrimination against particular groups? Are there laws against discrimination? Are these implemented? Are cases being brought and implemented? Can and do minorities use the justice system, especially in security, land/property and discrimination? Are there legal restrictions on the expression of religious, linguistic or cultural identity markers? • Existence and implementation of a legislative framework and institutions to prevent racial discrimination and provide recourse to victims of discrimination. • Existence and implementation of a legislative framework and institutions to protect freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and cultural identity. • Policy or practice of impunity for crimes committed against minorities. • New or existing legislation • Constitutional provisions • UN Treaty Body reports • NHRI reports • Records of police arrests and incarceration of members of minority groups • Records of prosecution for crimes committed against minorities • Dialogue with minority groups Are any groups economically marginalised? Are development actors Is there understanding and action by those helping on development to address such marginalisation? Is development respectful of minorities’ identity, including language, religion, and land? Do minorities have equal access to water and arable land? • The systematic exclusion in law or in fact of groups from positions of power, employment in state institutions and key professions such as teaching, the judiciary and the police. • Violence or severe restrictions targeting minority groups perceived to have traditionally maintained a prominent position, for example as business elites or in political life and state institutions. • Significant disparities in socio economic indicators evidencing a pattern of serious racial discrimination. • Policies aimed at the prevention of delivery of essential services or assistance, including obstruction of aid delivery or access to food, water, sanitation or essential medical supplies in certain regions or targeting specific groups. • UN Treaty Body reports • NHRI reports • Disaggregated data on Human Development Indicators (e.g. by region, language, ethnicity, religion), employment rates, poverty rates and access to education • Dialogue with minority groups Economic Framework Political Framework Possible Indicators Legal Framework Subject Early Warning Monitoring 144 M A R G I N A L I S E D M I N O R I T I E S I N D E V E LO P M E N T P R O G R A M M I N g