Chapter 12: Regional Issues, Standards and Mechanisms  12.1 Minorities in Africa 12.1.1 Standards and mechanisms of the African Union 12.2 Minorities in Latin America and the Caribbean 12.2.1 Standards and mechanisms of the Organization of American States (OAS) 12.3 Minorities in the Arab States 12.3.1 Standards and mechanisms of the League of Arab States 12.4 Minorities in Asia and the Pacific 12.4.1 Standards and mechanisms in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) 12.5 Minorities in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 12.5.1 Standards and mechanisms in CEE and the CIS  12.5.2 Council of Europe (CoE) 12.5.3 European Union (EU) 12.5.4 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) 12.5.5 Decade for Roma Inclusion 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 UN treaty body mechanisms Other standards relevant to minorities UN special procedures 11.5.1 The UN Independent Expert on minority issues 11.5.2 UN Special Rapporteurs The UN Forum on Minority Issues The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (PFII) and the UN Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 11.8 The UN Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent (WGPAD) 11.9 The UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights 11.10 Universal Periodic Review (UPR) of the UN Human Rights Council 11.11 UN early warning mechanisms (EWMs) 151 152 153 153 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 161 161 162 164 166 168 169 170 171 171 172 172 175 177 178 ANNEXES: I. U  N Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities  II. Selected conclusions and recommendations on minority rights from UN treaty bodies  III. Listing of papers of the former UN Working Group on Minorities and the present Independent Expert on minority issues, and the pamphlets in the UN Guide for Minorities, by theme, by country/region as well as the major studies or reports of the former UN Sub-Commission on Human Rights IV. Further reading on minority issues V. Web sources on minority issues  VI. Works cited  179 183 189 203 205 207 ix

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