A/RES/68/147 Rights of the child Right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health 25. Calls upon States: (a) To take all necessary measures to ensure that the right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health is promoted and protected, without any kind of discrimination, and that all forms of violence, which have a negative impact on the physical and mental health of the child, are prevented and addressed, including through the enactment and implementation of laws, strategies and policies, gender- and child-responsive budgeting and resource allocation, and adequate investment in health systems, including comprehensive and integrated primary health care, including in efforts to achieve Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5, and in the health workforce; (b) To adopt strategies to prevent and address the harmful use of alcohol and illicit substances with a holistic and human rights perspective, and to provide information, education and counselling on the effects of substance abuse and on the importance of family and school support for its prevention and the treatment, rehabilitation and reintegration of children and adolescents with substance abuse issues; (c) To ensure that the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, including sexual and reproductive health, is fully realized for all children by giving full attention to all health needs of children, through providing information, health-care services and comprehensive, evidence-based education on sexual and reproductive health, human rights and gender equality, consistent with their evolving capacities and with appropriate direction and guidance from parents or legal guardians, in accordance with the rights, needs and best interests of the child, free of discrimination and on an equitable and universal basis; 26. Recognizes the importance of the implementation of the human right to safe drinking water and sanitation for the full realization of the right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, and therefore urges States and, through them, service providers to ensure a regular supply of safe, acceptable, accessible and affordable drinking water and sanitation services of good quality and sufficient quantity, guided also by the principles of equity, equality and non-discrimination, bearing in mind that the human right to safe drinking water and sanitation for their populations is to be progressively realized with full respect for national sovereignty; 27. Affirms the importance of applying a human rights-based approach to reducing and eliminating preventable maternal and child mortality and morbidity, and requests all States to renew their political commitment in that respect at all levels; 28. Calls upon States and all relevant stakeholders to address, as a matter of priority, the vulnerabilities faced by children affected by and living with HIV by providing care, support and treatment to those children, their families and caregivers by promoting rights-based and child-oriented HIV and AIDS policies and programmes, and to ensure access to affordable, effective and quality prevention, care and treatment, including through correct information, access to voluntary and confidential testing, comprehensive health care, including sexual and reproductive health care, services and education, and access to safe, affordable, effective, quality pharmaceutical products and medical technologies, by intensifying efforts to develop affordable, accessible and quality tools for early diagnosis and by prioritizing the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of the virus; 8/19