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material, symbols or marks instigating, encouraging or spreading hatred towards any
people, national minority, church or religious community. It also bans propagation
or justification of ideas and actions of people who have been convicted of war
crimes. Furthermore, it imposes fines for individuals participating in manifestations
or associations responsible for spreading or encouraging hatred and intolerance.
78. The Public Information Act prohibits the publishing of information that
encourages discrimination, hatred or violence against persons or groups of persons
on the basis of their race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, gender or sexual
orientation. It further allows lawsuits to be filed by both victims and human rights
organizations.
79. The broadcasting agency has the competence to prevent the broadcasting of
programmes that instigate discrimination, hatred or violence. The Additional
Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime, concerning the criminalization of acts of
a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems, prohibits the
use of computer systems to endorse ideas or theories that support, encourage or
promote hatred and discrimination.
80. The criminal code punishes actions, such as injury to reputation due to racial,
religious, ethnic or other affiliation (art. 174), instigating national, racial and
religious hatred and intolerance (art. 317) and racial and other discrimination
(art. 387). It also recognizes racial motivation as an aggravating circumstance.
81. The recently adopted article 344 (а) of the criminal code criminalizes violent
behaviour at sporting events, including incitement to national, racial and religious
hatred or intolerance during sporting events through behaviour or slogans leading to
violence or physical confrontation with the participants of the sporting event.
82. The Associations Act provides that the goals and operation of an association
must not, among other things, be directed towards the incitement or encouragement
of inequality, hatred and intolerance. The Political Parties Act stipulates that the
operations of political parties must not be directed towards, among other things, the
violation of constitutionally guaranteed human and minority rights or incitement and
encouragement of racial, national or religious hatred. This is also stipulated in the
Anti-Discrimination Act.
83. There have been increasing online activities of nationalistic organizations. The
special High-Tech Crime Prosecution Office, established as part of the Higher
Prosecution Office, has registered more than 1,700 cases, with a clear indication that
there is an annual increase in the number of cases received.
84. Similarly, increasing manifestations of racism and xenophobia have been
noted, in particular against the Roma and members of other national minorities,
including racist statements towards Roma pupils and students. The Government
provided detailed statistical data from the Ministry of Justice and Public
Administration documenting the number of received, resolved and pending criminal
cases.
85. The Ministry of Internal Affairs adopted a regulation on training, leading to
the annual adoption and implementation of vocational training programmes for
police officers. The training focuses on topics such as policing relating to minority
groups, respecting differences and overcoming prejudices.
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