may at some future time urge the minorities to desperation and oblige them to have recourse to physical force. Sometimes however, it is much more than that: the ability of minorities to vote, to be a candidate during elections, or even to form political parties, is actively restricted. They are at times not allowed or seriously disadvantaged in becoming voters or in being elected to political office. In a few countries, certain minorities have been denied or tend to find it very difficult to become citizens in their country of birth, usually because of religious, linguistic or ethnic criteria. Without citizenship, they are almost completely excluded from any meaningful political participation. Unfortunately, this still occurs as you can see here. [SLIDE] Political Exclusion through Denial of Citizenship of Minorities  Bhutan (Nepali minority)