A/70/335 economic and social development planning, as well as assessing conditions in human settlements. In order to have representative censuses, it is recommended that census authorities in a number of countries be alert to the possibility of stereotypes and biases affecting data on minority population groups. As representatives of those minority groups can often provide census planners with important information and insights relevant to both census content and operations, they should be consulted when planning a census. It is worth noting that in the context of a population census, in addition to identifying adequate indicators, census agents should be trained so as to avoid biases that may impact the proper collection of accurate data. 63. Socioeconomic indicators are often used as proxy variables for measuring equality and discrimination, to assess the extent to which the realization of various human rights is taking into consideration the cross-cutting norms of equality and non-discrimination. However, according to the OHCHR guide to the measurement of human rights indicators, classic quantitative measurements may not be enough to explain the difference in treatment or outcome between individuals belonging to different ethnic groups. It is suggested, therefore, that in addition to collecting quantitative data, qualitative analysis might be needed to arrive at a more definite assessment of discrimination. That is also necessary insofar as victims are sometimes unable to identify the discrimination to which they are subjected. Events based information-gathering and direct surveys should therefore also be used in monitoring discrimination and assessing the prevalence of discriminatory practices. Some useful statistical tools set out in the OHCHR guide include socioeconomic statistics disaggregated by prohibited grounds of discrimination to capture disparities and differential outcomes that are often the result of multiple and accumulative discrimination; population surveys measuring experiences, perceptions and attitudes regarding discrimination; and discrimination or situation testing surveys to measure directly discrimination in specific areas, such as access to work, housing, health care or other public services. 64. The Special Rapporteur would also like to emphasize the inherent conflict of interest that may arise between the data-gathering function, which is usually undertaken by service providers, and the analysis function, which should be undertaken by an independent entity in charge of analysing and interpreting the information collected from a human rights perspective. For example, in Europe that task could be entrusted to the equality bodies, which are independent organizations assisting victims of discrimination, monitoring and reporting on discrimination issues, and promoting equality. 65. Data collection and analysis are complementary activities and should involve all stakeholders, including ministries and departments of public administration that produce administrative data; the national statistical agencies which undertake survey-based data; and national human rights institutions and civil society organizations for the collection of events-based data. While interpretation should be conducted by an impartial independent body, the Special Rapporteur encourages the relevant institutions to take full ownership of assessment outcomes, in order to implement the necessary corrective measures, including affirmative action plans. 66. Furthermore, due consideration should be given to principle 2 of the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics, which states that to retain trust in official statistics, the statistical agencies need to decide according to strictly professional considerations including scientific principles and professional ethics, 18/24 15-14106