A/68/296 universities and research institutions should be clearly defined and transparent. Staff vacancies should in all cases be publicly listed; (b) Researchers should be free to choose their research subject and to disseminate their results. They should not be constrained to research the history of the nation or of the community or reduced to investigating a particular time frame, but be encouraged to research all periods of history, from prehistory to contemporary times. The financing of research institutions, of specific projects in the field of history, in addition to scientific journals and the publishing activities of scientific institutes or universities, should be transparent. The law should provide for the publication of non-profit history books and guarantee the freedom to publish scientific results; (c) States should review regulations and practices regarding the use of libraries and archives. Issues to be examined include time limitations for the opening of archival records; procedures for granting access to archive documentation; provisions for classifying documents as State secrets; researchers’ opportunities to photocopy, scan or photograph documentation; and possibilities of foreign researchers having access to archives and effective remedy in case of refusal to grant such access; (d) States should make available important archives relating to the history of other countries, in particular former colonies, by digitizing records and making them freely available, and should consider research cooperation. 90. The Special Rapporteur recommends that: (a) States ensure continuing education and regular high-quality training of teachers at universities and within supplementary seminars and workshops. The criteria for hiring and promoting history teachers should be transparent, and continuous education should be a precondition for their professional promotion; (b) Relevant ministries call for open competitions to organize seminars and conferences in which various non-governmental professional organizations could participate and in the process receive accreditation for seminars. Doing so would widen the selection of permanent education for teachers and reduce the possibility of political control and State monopoly; (c) Teacher education in post-conflict situations be designed to develop new competencies specific to building and helping to sustain peace; (d) Learning materials for adults be developed, in particular in societies engaged in peacebuilding processes; (e) States respect and promote the right of teachers to freely form professional associations. 91. The Special Rapporteur recommends that efforts be made, or pursued, to include the views and perspectives of all parties and communities in historical narratives (textbooks) by, for example, establishing commissions of historians comprising individuals from various countries or communities. Such commissions should enjoy the support of the State, regardless of whether they operate as parts of ministries or independently. In this, greater independence is achieved if members are appointed by professional bodies and associations 24/27 13-42291