(b) fostering respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms with particular reference to those set out in the provisions of various African instruments on human and peoples’ rights and international human rights declarations and conventions; (c) the preservation and strengthening of positive African morals, traditional values and cultures; (d) the preparation of the child for responsible life in a free society, in the spirit of understanding, tolerance, dialogue, mutual respect and friendship among all peoples, ethnic, tribal and religious groups; (e) the preservation of national independence and territorial integrity; (f) the promotion and achievement of African Unity and Solidarity; (g) the development of respect for the environment and natural resources; (h) the promotion of the child’s understanding of primary health care. 3. State Parties to the present Charter shall take all appropriate measures with a view to achieving the full realization of this right and shall in particular: (a) provide free and compulsory basic education: (b) encourage the development of secondary education in its different forms and progressively make it free and accessible to all; (c) make higher education accessible to all on the basis of capacity and ability by every appropriate means; (d) take measures to encourage regular attendance at schools and the reduction of drop-out rates; (e) take special measures in respect of female, gifted and disadvantaged children, to ensure equal access to education for all sections of the community. 4. State Parties to the present Charter shall respect the rights and duties of parents, and where applicable, of legal guardians, to choose for their children schools other than those established by public authorities, which conform to such minimum standards as approved by the State, to ensure the religious and moral education of the child in a manner consistent with the evolving capacities of the child. 5. State Parties to the present Charter shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that a child who is subjected to schools or parental discipline shall be treated with humanity and with respect for the inherent dignity of the child and in conformity with the present Charter. 6. State Parties to the present Charter shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that children who become pregnant before completing their education shall have an opportunity to continue their education on the basis of their individual ability. 7. No part of this Article shall be construed as to interfere with the liberty of individuals and bodies to establish and direct educational institutions subject to the observance of the principles set out in Paragraph I of this Article and the requirement that the education given in such institutions shall conform to such minimum standards as may be laid down by the States . ARTICLE 12 Leisure, Recreation and Cultural Activities 1. State Parties shall recognize the right of the child to rest and leisure, to engage in play and recreational activities appropriate to the age of the child and to participate freely in cultural life and the arts. 2. State Parties shall respect and promote the right of the child to fully participate in cultural and artistic life and shall encourage the provision of appropriate and equal opportunities for cultural, artistic, recreational and leisure activity.