E/CN.A/1992/52 page 174 or punishment, the right to freedom of expression, to take part in public life, to education, to freedom of movement and the right not to be arbitrarily arrested or detained. 169. The Special Rapporteur has noted that the acts of intolerance and discrimination with regard to religion or belief have continued to be varied during the period covered by this report. He has also noted the persistent universality of the phenomenon in view of the fact that the allegations concerning specific incidents of infringement of the rights and freedoms set out in the Declaration are not confined to a particular faith or geographical area. They range from extra-judicial killings of members of the clergy to the prohibition of certain specific manifestations relating to a particular religion or belief. 170. Acts of discrimination and intolerance also encompass the repression of any manifestation of certain religions or beliefs, both in public and in private; confrontation between followers of different faiths; sanctions for belonging to a specific denomination or faith such as enforced disappearances and abduction of followers of a particular denomination; confinement to labour camps; sanctions against, prohibition of and persecution for proselytizing and converting to another religion; refusal to register certain religious communities; arbitrary imprisonment; physical and mental persecution; destruction, evacuation and arbitrary occupation of places of worship or assembly for a religion or belief; prohibition of opening places of worship; refusal to grant permits to build new places of worship or to repair existing premises; restriction of religious ceremonies to specified places; desecration of places of worship and burial places; prohibition of publishing or distributing publications relating to a particular religion; censoring of religious publications and sermons; prohibition of exhibiting or distributing of certain articles of worship and religous texts; and restrictions on the right to appoint clergy, as well as cases relating to conscientious objection on the basis of religious beliefs. 171. The Special Rapporteur has noted that the denial of certain legal guarantees such as the right to a trial in conformity with international standards of a fair trial and the right of legal recourse, as well as the refusal to accord legal compensation to injured parties or issue passports are a recurrent phenomenon. Discrimination on grounds of religion or belief may also result in administrative measures, such as the withdrawal of ration booklets, exclusion from public service, cessation or denial of pension payments, denial of access to employment, to social security and higher levels of education. In some cases, children are not allowed to receive religious education outside the family circle. In others, mandatory religious instruction may concern a different faith than the one to which the persons receiving instruction belong. 172. Despite the persistence of the above-mentioned negative trends, the Special Rapporteur was pleased to note the continued progress made by a certain number of countries in the sphere of religious freedom. The positive developments which have taken place in recent years in Eastern Europe have gained ground and have been further affirmed. The Special Rapporteur is particularly satisfied to note the changes certain countries have introduced in their constitutional and legal systems with a view to bringing them into