116
CYPRUS v. TURKEY JUDGMENT – PARTLY DISSENTING OPINION
OF JUDGE FUAD
contemplated that a unilateral investigation by Turkey, the State against
which the most serious allegations about the treatment and fate of the
missing persons continue to be made, would satisfy anyone. And, of course,
the advantage of the CMP was that it would investigate the disappearances
of Turkish-Cypriot missing persons too, as the UN clearly had in mind.
22. Turkey's stand on the whole issue of the missing persons is well
known. I have seen no evidence that Turkey has refused to cooperate with
the CMP or obstructed its work. If the Terms of Reference, the Rules or the
Guidelines that govern the way that the CMP operates are unsatisfactory
these can be amended with good will and the help of the Secretary-General.
I am not able to agree with my colleagues that the CMP procedures are not
of themselves sufficient to meet the standard of an effective investigation
required by Article 2. As the applicable Rules and Guidelines, read with the
Terms of Reference, have developed, provided both sides give their
ungrudging cooperation to the CMP, an effective investigating team has
been created. That the CMP was the appropriate body to make the necessary
investigations was acknowledged by the UN Working Group on Enforced
and Involuntary Disappearances.
23. Apart from the reliance by Turkey on the establishment and
responsibilities of the CMP which I consider was justified, in my respectful
opinion the majority of the Court has not given effect to the relevant part of
the declaration by which Turkey submitted to the compulsory jurisdiction of
the Court. Jurisdiction was accepted in relation to “matters raised in respect
of facts which have occurred subsequent to [22 July 1990]”.
24. The concept of continuing violations is well established and readily
understood. In a simple case, for example, where a person has been arrested
and detained illegally, it does not matter that his original detention took
place before the respondent was subject to the Convention (or even before
the Convention prohibiting the violation came into force). The Court will
have jurisdiction to examine and adjudicate on the legality of his detention
provided he is still under detention at the material time.
25. Here the position is not simple. The events which the majority of the
Court held to have given rise to an obligation to conduct effective
investigations occurred in July and August 1974. This was some fifteen
years before the operative date of Turkey's declaration. Neither the
Commission nor the Court found sufficient evidence to hold that the
missing persons were still in the custody of the Turkish authorities at the
relevant time. In my opinion, it cannot be right to treat the Convention
obligation which arises in certain circumstances to conduct a prompt and
effective investigation as having persisted for fifteen years after the events
which required investigation so that, when Turkey did become bound by the
Convention, her alleged failure to date to conduct appropriate investigations
can be regarded as a violation of the Convention. In my view, the concept of
continuing violations cannot be prayed in aid to reach such a result. It seems