E/CN.4/2003/90/Add.3 page 19 family life also suffer in the restricted residential conditions often associated with mine sites (Lepanto, Philex, Benguet Corp-Benguet Province). Families live in one room. There is little or no chance for privacy. Family breakdowns and domestic violence are increasing in mining camps, according to a Cordillera Women’s Education and Resource Center Study. C. Militarization and human rights violations 44. Feeding on rural poverty and social unrest among peasant populations as well as political convictions, several insurgencies confront the Government of the Philippines at the present time in various parts of the country. Some indigenous regions have suffered the impact of the insurgency and governmental counter-insurgency measures, so that numerous indigenous representatives of these regions complain of the effects of militarization on their communities and activities.27 45. The militarization of indigenous communities and territories in the course of counter-insurgency operations has created an ongoing crisis causing numerous human rights violations affecting indigenous peoples, who are sometimes caught up in this fight between government troops and rebel groups. 46. The Special Rapporteur received reports of arbitrary detentions, persecution and even killings of community representatives, of mass evacuations, hostage-taking, destruction of property, summary executions, forced disappearances, coercion, and also of rape by armed forces, the police or so-called paramilitaries. When indigenous peoples were involved in counter-insurgency operations they suffered indiscriminate firing, dispossession and destruction of their property, food blockades, illegal detentions, physical assaults, harassment, torture and threats. Such incidents have been reported in various parts of the country. The National Federation of Indigenous Peoples’ Organizations in the Philippines (KAMP) presented an extensive dossier to the Special Rapporteur detailing a number of alleged human rights violations suffered by indigenous communities, among them: • Intimidation and harassment of indigenous communities of the Cagayan Valley, Luzon, by soldiers of the 45th Infantry Battalion of the Philippine Army, who accused them of being New People’s Army (NPA) rebels (August 2002). • In July 2002 soldiers harassed members of the Association of Tribal Peasants in San Mariano and local community officers during the election campaign, accusing them of being NPA sympathizers and traumatizing the population. • Massive military operations since October 2001 have resulted in numerous human rights violations in peasant and indigenous peoples’ communities in Jones, Isabela. These operations were timed with the widespread opposition of peasant and indigenous communities to the incursion of a huge Australian-owned mining company. According to KAMP, these violations include various abuses categorized under torture, harassment and grave coercion.