A/72/287 counter-terrorism measures have disproportionately affected Muslims as well as migrants, refugees and asylum seekers. Such measures are not only co ntrary to the principles of equality and non-discrimination, but also prevent affected communities from fully enjoying a wide variety of other human rights. 8. In line with Human Rights Council resolution 7/34 of 2008, successive mandate holders have addressed the impact of counter-terrorism measures on the rise of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance in their thematic and country visit reports. The present report builds on the wo rk of the current and previous mandate holders, 2 as well as reports of other relevant special procedures mandate holders and United Nations bodies. It also takes into account recent developments and information gathered, notably through an expert meeting and additional research on the topic. 9. During the expert meeting, convened by the Special Rapporteur and held in Budapest on 22 and 23 June 2017, academics, practitioners and civil society representatives discussed the patterns and manifestations of racism, racial discrimination and xenophobia emerging from State counter-terrorism practices. After examining trends and challenges in different regions, participants exchanged views on the key legal and policy measures taken at the national, regional and international levels, as well as good practices in combating racism, xenophobia and discrimination while countering terrorism. 10. Drawing from the Special Rapporteur’s analysis and with the benefit of insights from the expert meeting, the present report seeks to provide an updated overview of the manifestations of racism, xenophobia and discrimination in the context of countering terrorism (sect. II.B). The Special Rapporteur then provides an overview of key international, regional and national norms prohibiting racism and xenophobia, especially in the context of countering terrorism (sect. II.C). He also shares some examples of good practices in this context which were identified by the participants at the expert meeting (sect. II.D). The conclusions and recommendations are set out in section III. B. Manifestations of racism, xenophobia and discrimination in the context of countering terrorism 1. Rise of political extremism and increased incidence of racist and xenophobic hate speech and violence Rise of populist movements 11. The Special Rapporteur notes that one trend linked to the fight against terrorism is the rise of populist extremist movements. In Europe, the average vote share of populist parties has increased continuously since the 1980s, from 10.1 per cent in 1980 to 11.3 per cent in 2000 and 18.4 per cent in 2017. Populist parties are currently represented in nine governments and hold 17.5 per cent of all seats within European national parliaments. 3 While the rise of political extremism is a complex phenomenon, evidence shows that factors contributing to a favourable climate for the increasing acceptance of extremist ideology include widespread concerns over the global economic crisis and the rise in economic disparity, the spread of terrorism and the sharp increase in migration flows. The Special Rapporteur is equally concerned that more traditional parties have adopted tougher stances on issues such __________________ 2 3 4/23 See, for example, A/HRC/9/12; A/HRC/20/33; A/HRC/29/46; A/HRC/35/41. European Policy Information Center, “TIMBRO authoritarian populism index 2017: a summary”, 2017, pp. 1-2. 17-13397