15 include the airing of programmes which portray persons belonging to different minorities as equal members of society. Article 50 States Parties shall impose only relevant restrictions on freedom of expression as provided by law and necessary to protect the rights or reputations of others, national security or public order, or public health or morals. This implies, among other things, that restrictions: (a) are clearly and narrowly defined and respond to a pressing social need; (b) are the least intrusive measure available, in the sense that there is no other measure which would be effective and yet less restrictive of freedom of expression; (c) are not overbroad, in the sense that they do not restrict speech in a wide or untargeted way or go beyond the scope of harmful speech and rule out legitimate speech; (d) are proportionate in the sense that the benefit to the protected interest outweighs the harm to freedom of expression, including in respect to the sanction they authorise. (e) States Parties shall review their legal framework to ensure that any restrictions on freedom of expression conform to the above. Part VII Article 51 States Parties shall take all necessary measures to ensure equal access to free quality primary and secondary education for all children from minority communities, as well as equal opportunity to receive tertiary education. Effective special measures should be enacted for minorities in admissions to public and private higher education institutions where necessary. Article 52 1. Every person belonging to a minority has the right to learn the language associated with that minority. Such persons also have the right to be educated through the medium of the minority language, based on a gradated, sliding-scale, model applied with reference to the following principles: (a) proportionality, based largely but not exclusively on a number of practical factors such as the number and concentration of speakers of the language in a locality or region, the level of demand and prior use of the language as a medium of instruction; (b) active offer, where public education in minority languages is accessible and actively encouraged; (c) and inclusiveness, by which all students are given an opportunity to learn the official language and about intercultural understanding. 2. State-supported or provided pre-school, kindergarten and primary education shall be mainly conducted through the medium of the minority language where practicable. In the case of very small numbers of minority children, pre-school, kindergarten and primary education shall be provided on a sliding-scale model that reasonably reflects the proportion of children speaking different minority languages. The State or official language shall be introduced at the primary