11 Article 30 States Parties shall guarantee and protect the peaceful enjoyment by minorities, individually and collectively, of their ancestral and traditional land and natural resources. In this regard, State Parties shall take effective measures to prevent expropriation and exploitation of such land and natural resources by government agencies, non-state actors including corporations, or any individual without due process of law and meaningful consultation with minority communities. Article 31 Development and infrastructure initiatives, including the exploitation of local resources, must not impact discriminatorily upon persons belonging to minorities or fail to recognise their property, land and cultural rights. Article 32 1. Persons have the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment, without discrimination on any ground such as origin, caste, descent, race, colour, nationality, sex, gender, language, culture, marital status, property, disability, age, political or other opinion, religion or belief, birth or economic, social or other status such as belonging to a minority. 2. States Parties shall take additional measures for minorities who are particularly vulnerable to environmental harms, including contamination or degradation, in order to address historical or persistent discrimination against certain minority communities and individuals, recognize that environmental harm can both result from and reinforce existing patterns of discrimination, and take effective measures against the underlying conditions that cause or help to perpetuate discrimination against certain minorities. 3. State Parties shall take all necessary steps to avoid the relocation of minorities to hazardous places that endangers their life and isolate them from the rest of the society. Minorities previously relocated to such hazardous places, and which continue to endanger their health and wellbeing, should be offered by State Parties the possibility to relocate, together or individually, to suitable locations, with public authorities bearing the responsibility for the costs of such relocations. 4. States Parties shall take appropriate measures to ensure safe and healthy living and working conditions for minorities, and shall in particular designate appropriate competent authorities responsible and establish mechanisms for intersectoral coordination for the implementation of policies and enforcement of national laws and regulations on occupational safety and health, the agro-industry, fisheries, mining, and water, and provide for corrective measures and appropriate penalties, and establish and support adequate and appropriate systems of inspection. 5. States Parties shall adopt measures to ensure the effective participation of persons belonging to minorities in sustainable development and climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and initiatives as well as indigenous knowledge and practices applied to climate change mitigation and adaptation, at both national and international levels. Article 33 1. States Parties shall design, implement, monitor, and evaluate policies to reduce inequalities affecting persons belonging to minorities including through affirmative measures as envisaged in other human rights treaties and Article 13.4 of the present Convention.