Ethnic groups were cut across frontiers and in one state you can find a multitude of ethnic groups who speaks different dialects and has different religious colorings. This makes it difficult to talk of minorities in the sense of the international law on Minorities. Nevertheless after independence, the new Constitutions of the new States make mention of the protection of Minorities and Indigenous people. Most often such assertions are found in the preamble which does not have the same legal value as the body of the law, The cameroonian Constitution further in the text stipulates that the preamble has the same legal value as the body of the Constitution. Unfortunately the groups are not defined as we know that difficult and complex issues can only be defined in the fundamental law. Nevertheless there are ethnic groups that identify themselves as minorities. This is further ascertained in the Organic texts of the Ministerial Department of Social Affairs who has the responsibility of minority ethnic groups. These groups are given different appellations to suit the political situation of the Government. They are referred to as marginal people, indigenous or minorities. They are always rated on the same level with other vulnerable social groups like the blind and the dump. These ethnic minorities are the hunter gatherers, Mbororo pastoralists, and migrant fisher people of the creeks. They are numerically smaller and are at the margin of the society. Their economic activity is purely traditional, herding, hunting, gathering and fishing. They do not leave in accessible areas. There are no road infrastructures, nor any form of social facilities in the zones where they live and their economic is not considered as work in the sense of the labour code. The Social Security Scheme in Cameroon was inherited from the colonial period, and is destined to cover workers governed by the labor Code who mainly work in the formal sector. The scheme is based on deduction of social contributions by the employer to be paid into the National Social Insurance Fund. The workers benefits from family allowances, retirement benefits, protection against occupational diseases and industrial accidents, and maternity allowances. There are negotiations to expand and modernize the scheme to other category of persons in some sectors that were not taking into considerations, like footballers, Drivers of all categories, and workers of the media, and artists by the Social Security Fund. The right to work, to a decent job and to social security are ascertained in the fundamental law but Minorities face a lot of obstacles to fulfill these rights. The important The informal sector is not yet regulated by any laws to allow for a legal recognition of the economic activity of the minorities as is recommended by the ILO Convention 169.