A/HRC/15/37/Add.2
of the settlements visited by the Special Rapporteur expressed deep discontent over having
to move from their traditional lands. As one informed source has observed, the relocation
was not a “simple geographical movement of people”, but rather “a whole social
transformation of a community that has depended on a certain environment from time
immemorial”.6
32.
The Basarwa have been particularly affected by a uniform approach to development
that lacks sensitivity to diverse cultural patterns. They have traditionally maintained a
hunter-gatherer subsistence way of life, which is in tension with Remote Area Development
Programme initiatives to relocate them into settled communities in favour of a sedentary,
agro-pastoralist lifestyle. As a result, many residents of remote area settlements remain
dependent on Government handouts, which creates a feeling of despair and difficulty in
maintaining a culturally appropriate and sustainable livelihood. Furthermore, it is evident
that the lack of cultural adaptation of development programmes is impeding their ultimate
success.
33.
Many residents of remote area settlements have insufficient land to carry out basic
subsistence activities, like gathering or grazing the cattle given to them under the Remote
Area Development Programme. In Kaudwane, for example, residents stated that they have
access only to small plots, and that there is insufficient land for hunting and gathering
purposes or for raising livestock. Likewise, Mababe residents complained of insufficient
land for cultivation and gathering of wild fruits, and stated that the restrictions that
Government has imposed on their use of land prevent them from hunting or raising
livestock.
2.
Social services
34.
Beyond the poverty reduction development initiatives, the design and delivery of
social services, including in the areas of health and education, likewise require greater
accommodation to diverse cultural practices and values.
35.
The Special Rapporteur acknowledges the concerns expressed by the Government
over the difficulties posed in offering a health-care system that incorporates and respects
both Western and traditional medicinal practices. Nonetheless, he highlights the need to
enhance the understanding of and respect for traditional medicine, which continues to be
practised among indigenous communities but remains largely excluded from the
Government health system. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur notes the Government
initiative to draft a traditional health practice bill in consultation with traditional health
practitioners associations and international bodies such as the World Health Organization.
As that initiative progresses, the Special Rapporteur stresses the importance of additionally
consulting with community members themselves to address their respective needs and
concerns.
36.
Regarding education, the Special Rapporteur commends the Government for its
commitment to ensuring universal access to education and notes the aspects of the national
school curriculum and educational planning that call for an awareness of diverse cultures.
However, interviews with parents and educators at the community level, as well as with
officials of the Ministry of Education in the capital, indicate insufficient funding for
education programmes targeted at marginalized indigenous groups and a lack of genuine
cultural sensitivity in the development, design and implementation of education
6
10
A.M. Chebanne, “The San and relocation: why the promised land is not attractive”, Botswana Journal
of African Studies, vol. 20, No. 2 (2006).
GE.10-13968