A/75/590 (b) Adopt mandatory policies and practices for systemic analysis of potential harmful and discriminatory impacts of digital border technologies prior to the adoption of these technologies, and prohibit adoption of technologies that cannot be shown to meet equality and non-discrimination requirements. Provide clearer, more concrete human rights-based guidelines on the criteria for the designation of “zero option” digital technologies, and ensure the implementation of these guidelines; (c) Adopt mandatory ongoing human rights assessment protocols for digital border technologies once deployed; (d) Create mechanisms for independent human rights oversight of use by IOM of digital border technologies and implement reforms to ensure greater transparency in how decisions are made to adopt these technologies; (e) Provide migrants, refugees, stateless persons and related groups with mechanisms for holding IOM directly accountable for violations of their human rights resulting from the use of digital border technologies. 61. Relative to IOM, UNHCR has taken greater steps to engage with equality and non-discrimination norms in its guidance frameworks relating to digital border technologies, but it too has significant additional work to do to ensure that those norms are realized in its practice. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur makes the recommendations set out below. 62. UNHCR should: (a) Adopt mandatory policies and practices for systemic analysis of potential harmful and discriminatory impacts of digital border technologies prior to the adoption of these technologies, and prohibit adoption of technologies that cannot be shown to meet equality and non-discrimination requirements. Provide clearer, more concrete human rights-based guidelines on the criteria for the designation of “zero option” digital technologies, and ensure the implementation of these guidelines; (b) Adopt mandatory ongoing human rights assessment protocols for digital border technologies once deployed; (c) Create mechanisms for independent human rights oversight of the use by UNHCR of digital border technologies and implement reforms to ensure greater transparency in how decisions are made to adopt these technologies; (d) Provide migrants, refugees, stateless persons and related groups with mechanisms for holding UNHCR directly accountable for violations of their human rights resulting from the use of digital border technologies. 63. All United Nations humanitarian and related bodies should implement the recommendations above addressed to IOM and UNHCR. 20-14872 25/25