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21. It is desirable to institutionalize interreligious dialogue at various levels, in the right format
and with a wide selection of participants, which still allows for a real exchange of views.
Nonetheless, interreligious dialogue may also take place in rather informal settings. Natural
spaces in pluralistic societies that encompass multicultural neighbourhoods, schools, clubs and
other public services and which allow for constant interaction are conducive to true dialogue. In
a society where there are no invisible boundaries on the basis of religion or belief, constant
interaction is inevitable, which leads to dialogue and mutual understanding. In addition, the role
of educational institutions in this regard seems to be vital; they can either inculcate a spirit of
tolerance or promote tensions, even at an early age. The emphasis must therefore lie on
enlightened education that teaches children to recognize and appreciate existing diversity. To
that effect, the final document of the International Consultative Conference on School Education
in relation to Freedom of Religion or Belief, Tolerance and Non-discrimination included the
strengthening of a non-discriminatory perspective in education and of knowledge in relation to
freedom of religion or belief at the appropriate levels as one of its objectives.
C. Examination of incidents and governmental actions incompatible with
the provisions of the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of
Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief and
recommendation of remedial measures as appropriate
22. Since the establishment of the mandate in 1986, the Special Rapporteur has sent more
than 1,150 allegation letters and urgent appeals to a total of 130 States. The communications sent
by the Special Rapporteur between 1 December 2006 and 30 November 2008 and the replies
received from Governments are summarized in her two latest communications reports
(A/HRC/7/10/Add.1 and A/HRC/10/8/Add.1). These communications have been a valuable tool
to examine incidents and governmental actions that are incompatible with the provisions of the
Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on
Religion or Belief. As mentioned above, they have also proven useful in the implementation of
the second pillar pertaining to the identification of existing and emerging obstacles to the
enjoyment of the right to freedom of religion or belief. Indeed, through information received and
related communications sent to the Governments, the Special Rapporteur has been able to
identify recurrent issues relating to her mandate and to initiate a constructive dialogue with the
States concerned.
23. The most salient issues addressed in her recent communications related to legislation on
religious issues and questions of conversion. The groups affected by these issues were mainly
religious minorities and vulnerable groups. The Special Rapporteur has identified women,
individuals deprived of liberty, asylum-seekers, refugees, children, minorities and migrant
workers as being particularly vulnerable to violations of their right to freedom of religion or
belief. The Special Rapporteur regularly receives reports of violations of the rights of members
of religious minorities and vulnerable groups to carry out their religious activities. Indeed, they
continue to be subject to frequent acts of harassment from the authorities or from majority
religious groups, including in the context of intra-religious tensions. On legislation, the Special
Rapporteur has conveyed her concerns about legislation unduly limiting the right to manifest
one’s religion or belief, in particular through registration requirements or restrictions on places
of worship, religious education, religious literature and proselytizing activities. As regards