and housing. These bodies should be provided with the necessary independence and adequate financial and human resources to fulfil their functions effectively.23 3. States should take steps to achieve, progressively, the full realization of social and economic rights for all. States should be transparent regarding their available resources and their prioritization; national minorities should be treated fairly and proportionately to the majority in resource allocation, with additional resources allocated, as needed, to achieve effective equality. International assistance and co-operation, as necessary and appropriate, should contribute to reducing the social and economic exclusion of national minorities. The protection, promotion and fulfilment of social and economic rights is essential for the enjoyment of all other human rights. International human rights law obligates States to guarantee the enjoyment of social and economic rights for all without discrimination and to progressively achieve the full realization of these rights, including through international co-operation and assistance.24 OSCE participating States have committed to ensure the effective exercise and enjoyment of economic and social rights for all and to promote constant progress in their realization. They have also recognized that ensuring these rights is linked to peace and security.25 The scope of issues covered by social and economic rights generally includes employment, social security, pensions, social protection, family life, health, education and an adequate standard of living, including adequate housing.26 Environmental issues, particularly the right to a healthy environment, are increasingly acknowledged as being part of human rights and are thus also pertinent to social and economic rights.27 23 24 25 26 27 See also: OHCHR, FMI Recommendations, third session, paragraphs 42–43; and CESCR, General Comment No. 10, the role of national human rights institutions in the protection of economic, social and cultural rights (1998). Inter alia UDHR articles 2 and 22; ICESCR, articles 2(1) and (2); CRPD; International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, articles 43 (1) and 70; and Convention on the Rights of the Child, articles 4, 24 (1) and (4), and 28(1) and (3). Helsinki 1975, “Principles VII–IX”; CSCE, Concluding Document of the Second Follow-up Meeting, “Questions Relating to Security in Europe, Principles” (Madrid 1983); Vienna 1989, “Questions related to security in Europe, Principles”; and CSCE, Charter of Paris for a New Europe (Paris 1990). Inter alia ICESCR. OHCHR, Resolution 48/13 on The human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment (Geneva 2021); and UNGA Resolution on The human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment (New York 2022). Recommendations on the Effective Participation of National Minorities in Social and Economic Life 21