A/HRC/35/25/Add.2 in order to identify vulnerabilities, with a determination of the limited number of migrants for whom detention is necessary, the reason why it is necessary, and the immediate release all the other migrants with an appropriate status. 53. At the time of the visit, there were around 8,556 migrants held in reception and identification centres and open reception centres on the Greek islands of Chios, Samos, Lesvos, Kos and Leros, while the facilities had a capacity of 7,450 places. 12 The overcrowded conditions in Moria in Lesvos, and in Vathy in Samos, were particularly shocking: Moria was housing around 3,000 people, with a capacity for only 2,000, and in Vathy only one part of the camp was open, with capacity for 250 people, however on the day of the visit it was housing up to 950 migrants, including families with children. At the end of February 2017, the number of migrants on the islands stood at 13,053, despite a capacity of 9,014 — further exacerbating the situation. 13 While recognizing the improvements made or planned by the Greek authorities over time, the Special Rapporteur still urges the Government to immediately transfer migrants to more suitable structures. 54. Mandatory detention upon arrival, coupled with uncertainty over the future, leads to an immeasurable amount of confusion, frustration, violence and fear among the migrants held in the reception and identification centres on the Greek islands. Since the implementation of the European Union-Turkey statement, there have been regular demonstrations and violent riots in the camps, fights between different groups of migrants, attacks on tents and on containers, and attempted suicides. The Special Rapporteur visited the Vathy reception and identification centre on Samos following a night of fighting, which left behind shattered tents and containers, pools of dried blood, several persons injured and families with small children completely traumatized, and left single females feeling unsafe. In the absence of a camp manager, no one felt responsible for the situation. The Special Rapporteur was informed that the police had failed to intervene, as they were scared of being outnumbered. 55. The Special Rapporteur is deeply concerned about inadequate detention conditions and the chaotic situation in the reception and identification centres, the blatant overcrowdedness, with a mix of families and young single males, the absence of many government services during the weekend, the lack of policing, and the insufficient procedural safeguards in the detention facilities. IV. Reception conditions 56. At the end of February 2016, existing official accommodation barely met the needs of the growing migrant population. Greece had to swiftly shift its approach from short-term assistance for persons in transit, with a capacity of less than 2,500 places, to long-term accommodation. At the time of the visit, the European Union provided €83 million under the Emergency Assistance Instrument to improve material conditions for migrants and refugees in Greece, with funding made available immediately to UNHCR and NGOs. On 9 September 2016, the European Commission announced another €115 million under the Emergency Support Instrument. 14 As mentioned above, the Government of Greece was awarded €182 million by mid-March 2017. A. Reception conditions on the Aegean islands 57. Conditions in the reception and identification centres and the open camps on the Aegean islands are particularly worrying, due to the seriously overcrowded facilities. The reception and identification centres lack sufficient sanitary facilities, adequate food and health care. Despite emergency heated housing during the winter, migrants, including 12 13 14 See https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/47586. See https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/53821. See http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-16-2986_en.htm. 9