E/CN.4/2003/85/Add.4 page 18 provide for the needs of his/her family. The few OFWs who manage to save money and attempt to set up a business upon return often fail because of lack of planning, training and information on business conditions in the Philippines. All these circumstances frequently leave returning OFWs with no choice other than to migrate again. 64. The first national conference on OFW reintegration was held in Manila on 12 and 13 April 2002. It concluded that a comprehensive OFW reintegration programme should involve OFWs, their families, the Government and civil society at large. Migrants and their families should be assisted to form organizations such as support groups and cooperatives. The migrants’ communities could help in establishing business ventures and social enterprises that would generate long-term employment. The Government should help OFWs to invest their savings through, for example, incentives for business development and business and management training. 65. The Special Rapporteur fully endorses these conclusions. The process of reintegration should start even before OFWs leave. The Special Rapporteur believes that the social and psychological impact of migration on OFWs and their families must be cushioned. To this end, it is important to ensure better communication between OFWs and their families. The Special Rapporteur learned about interesting programmes targeting OFWs initiated by NGOs, such as videoconferences and other communications services, and about the development of teaching modules on the situation of OFWs and the positive and negative effects of migration to be used in schools. 66. The Special Rapporteur was struck by reports on the situation of children born of marriages between OFWs and foreigners. Reportedly, women performing as entertainers in Japan often bear the children of their customers. Marriage does not always follow, and when it does in many cases it does not last long. Increasing numbers of Japanese-Filipino children in the Philippines and Japan are often neglected and not recognized by their Japanese fathers. Women returning from Japan with their children often are not well informed about the legal procedure for the recognition of children under the law of the Philippines and the necessity of registering their children as Filipino citizens. Because of their fathers’ abandonment and their mothers’ financial situation, these children often do not have access to education, adequate food, clothing and shelter. The stigma attached to their mothers becomes theirs as well, causing an identity crisis, a poor sense of dignity and low self-esteem. These children are often also discriminated against because of their Japanese features. Children of Filipino mothers and other foreign fathers reportedly also experience problems such as discrimination, alienation and identity crises. The Special Rapporteur learned about valuable NGOs programmes of psychological and legal assistance for these children and their mothers. 67. The Special Rapporteur visited the municipality of Jagna, Bohol, where almost 10 per cent of the population are OFWs. According to DOLE, the scarcity of land and the lack of employment opportunities have been major factors in migration. POEA reported that from 1990 to July 2001, almost 14,000 people left the province. This figure does not include irregular migrants.