128 PROMOTING AND PROTECTING MINORITY RIGHTS and all but nine are members of the Council of Europe, they are legally bound by treaties adopted under the aegis of those bodies, and by bilateral treaties, in addition to their politically binding OSCE commitments. International standards for the protection of minorities may sometimes lack clarity, which leaves them open to interpretation and possible inconsistencies in application. In response to this, and in order to assist policymakers and legislators more generally, the High Commissioner on National Minorities has on several occasions sought the assistance of internationally recognized experts to clarify minority rights in specific areas and to offer generally applicable thematic recommendations. Six sets of thematic recommendations provide States with guidance in formulating policies for minorities within their jurisdiction: • The Hague Recommendations regarding the Education Rights of National Minorities (1996); • The Oslo Recommendations regarding the Linguistic Rights of National Minorities (1998); • The Lund Recommendations on the Effective Participation of National Minorities in Public Life (1999); • Guidelines on the Use of Minority Languages in the Broadcast Media (2003); • Recommendations on Policing in Multi-Ethnic Societies (2006); • The Bolzano/Bozen Recommendations on National Minorities in Inter-State Relations (2008).150 Furthermore, in cooperation with the High Commissioner on National Minorities, ODIHR adopted the Warsaw Guidelines to Assist National Minority Participation in the Electoral Process (2001), which serve as practical guidelines in respect of the four Lund recommendations (Nos. 7-10) concerning elections. The two examples below illustrate the High Commissioner’s involvement in individual countries. Integrating the Armenian-speaking minority in Georgia The Armenian-speaking minority in Georgia has traditionally been strongly oriented to its neighbouring kin-State. The programme of the High Commissioner on National Minorities aims to bring them into the mainstream of Georgian public life, for example, by translating Georgian television programmes into Armenian, a measure which has greatly increased local understanding of national affairs and raised the level of participation in national elections. It also includes training in the Georgian language for civil servants and first-year university students. In partnership with UNDP, the High Commissioner seeks to promote action on socioeconomic issues such as employment, for example, by upgrading transport links in the minority area. Available from www.osce.org/hcnm/66209 (accessed 4 December 2012). 150