A/HRC/31/72 V. Essential measures to prevent discrimination against minorities in the administration of justice A. Education, training and capacity-building 75. Compulsory training, education and capacity-building of law enforcement and judicial officials in human rights and minority rights, emphasizing the principle of nondiscrimination and cultural sensitivity, is crucial in ensuring a fair and effective justice system, designed to foster tolerance, respect for diversity and integration of a gender perspective in all its aspects. It involves production of manuals and codes of conduct on policing and the administration of justice in a multicultural environment, accompanied by the establishment of appropriate structures to enforce compliance. Training and education material should be designed and delivered with the meaningful participation of minorities. 76. States should not limit their efforts to the delivery of isolated and ad hoc human rights training, rather they should invest in broader, coherent and ongoing educational, training and capacity-building efforts in order to develop clarity, depth and understanding of the human rights of minorities. 77. States should design and implement effective strategies for all police officials to become more responsive to the communities they serve. To this end, States should implement educational programmes that have proved successful in reducing the occurrence of discriminatory practices in police operations, including through evidence-based training that offers a framework for developing a coherent approach and through the application of tested scientific concepts and standards that link evidence with effectiveness in crime prevention. 78. States should consider reviewing curricula and teaching manuals for the legal profession, including for judges, prosecutors, lawyers and police academies, to ensure that they emphasize the need and techniques designed for an inclusive and fully functioning justice system. A variety of human rights topics, including minority rights, that are directly relevant to the work of judiciary should become an integrated part of all legal education. B. Community engagement 79. States should establish mechanisms and mandate policies and practices to ensure dialogue and consultation with and participation of minorities in assisting States in understanding the situation of minorities, their issues and concerns when confronted with the criminal justice system. Such engagement will promote their full and equal access to the criminal justice system, enable improvements in its efficacy and take significant steps towards building trust. States should consider undertaking community-oriented initiatives to bring State officials and minorities together to work for the safety of minority communities and to ensure adherence to non-discrimination in the administration of justice, dialogue and partnership and in advancing the engagement of State officials with minority communities. 80. Police forces should collaborate with minorities at the local level to establish permanent liaison mechanisms with minority communities to jointly develop local strategies to review and revise relevant policies and practices, keeping channels of communication open contributing to the building of mutual trust. 81. States should promote community policing as a strategic complement to traditional policing practices, establishing police-public partnerships, where police agencies, relevant government agencies and minority communities actively cooperate in problem-solving. A 14