A/80/496 acknowledged, analysed and integrated into conflict prevention, peacekeeping, human rights and anti-racism efforts. In this respect, the Special Rapporteur views the present report as a first step in an ongoing dialogue with States, United Nations entities and other stakeholders on this vital topic. The Special Rapporteur concludes the present report with a series of recommendations to States and other actors. VI. Recommendations 52. States should: (a) Step up efforts to effectively implement the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and other human rights standards, given that addressing racial discrimination is a key component of preventing conflict. (b) Ensure that incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence is prohibited and, in the most serious cases, criminalized within national legal frameworks, in a manner that is consistent with international human rights norms and standards, including the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Rabat Plan of Action; (c) Effectively implement article 4 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination to address the corrosive role that racist hate speech plays in violent conflict; (d) Significantly invest in proactive, evidence-based non-legal measures to address racist hate speech, including incitement to discrimination, hostility and violence and its impact on conflict, including counter-speech, public awareness campaigns, education, community projects and steps to build societal support for pluralism; (e) Uphold the right to freedom of expression and opinion, within all efforts to prevent and address racist hate speech as a driver and accelerant of conflict, ensuring that any restrictions on these rights meet the criteria of legality, necessity, proportionality and legitimacy; (f) Address racialized economic inequality, uphold economic, social and cultural rights and promote fair, equitable and sustainable development, including by considering resource redistribution policies that reduce the inequalities within and between countries that stoke conflict; (g) Continue and increase funding to civil society and community-based actors, including those working directly on anti-racial discrimination, as key actors in conflict prevention, and ensure that such organizations can undertake their work free from any forms of interference or repression; (h) Continue and strengthen engagement with the United Nations and ensure adequate funding to all elements of its mandate, given its vital work in maintaining international peace and security and addressing racial discrimination; (i) Uphold and implement all findings of the International Court of Justice as a key conflict prevention mechanism; (j) Establish inclusive, data-informed early warning systems to proactively detect signs of conflict and human rights violations, including manifestations of racial discrimination, and ensure timely and effective action to prevent conflict and address racial discrimination; 18/21 25-16958