E/CN.4/1987/35 page 25 3. Infringements of the right to freedom of opinion or expression 86. As a study of the infringements of the various rights defined by the Declaration (see sect. B.I above), clearly shows, certain manifestations of intolerance specifically impede the implementation of the provisions of article 6, paragraph (d) of the Declaration concerning the freedom to write, issue and disseminate relevant publications on subjects concerning religion or belief, and those of article 6, paragraph (e) on the freedom to teach a religion or belief in places suitable for these purposes. In other cases, however, religious intolerance leads to restrictions which infringe in a more general way the right to freedom of opinion and expression. As stipulated by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. 87. A few examples may serve to illustrate the foregoing. Restrictions on freedom of opinion and expression may be systematic, as when the members of officially registered religious congregations are forbidden to criticize the religious policy of the Government and when these congregations are often compelled to give public support to State initiatives, particularly in matters of foreign policy. In the same country, members of the clergy who have publicly criticized the role of the State in religious matters have been imprisoned or interned in psychiatric hospitals: in other cases, congregations have been slandered in the press without in their turn enjoying the right of reply. In another country, religious radio programmes and news concerning religion are censored; it is also forbidden to transmit certain religious ceremonies by television. Elsewhere, religious leaders have been imprisoned for expressing their opinion concerning the need for strict implementation of certain religious laws. Finally, in another case, several teachers of religion and preachers were arrested and imprisoned for criticizing, publicly but non-violently, governmental policy in their sermons.