A/68/333 national origin is prohibited under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and is enforced by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. 77 In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Upper Drina Regional Development programme provides greater access to employment and high-quality, needs-based public service for multi-ethnic communities. 78 Several noteworthy initiatives have come from the Singapore Ministry of Manpower and the Tripartite Alliance for Fair Employment Practices. For example, their guidelines indicate that race should not be a criterion for the selection of job candidates, and job advertisements should not feature statements like “Chinese preferred” or “Malay preferred”. In addition, if a job entails proficiency in a particular language, employers should justify the need for the requirement. According to the Tripartite Alliance, these guidelines have led to good results — mention of ethnic criterion in job advertisements has gone from 34 per cent in 1999 to almost no mention in 2011 and mention of language criteria in job advertisements has gone from 20 per cent to less than 1 per cent from 2006 to 2011. Singapore has also organized various workshops on how to handle grievances, create an inclusive workplace, and manage diversity. 79 78. The Special Rapporteur further emphasizes that general poverty alleviation initiatives need also to be beneficial to groups that are discriminated against. In China, the 8-7 National Poverty Reduction Plan, conducted from 1994 to 2000 with some focus on ethnic minorities and rural migrants, aimed to lift 80 million poor above the poverty line. The plan included assistance with land improvement, crop and livestock production, education and basic health care. Drawing from the success of the Plan, China instituted the New Century Rural Poverty Alleviation Plan for 2001-2010 to reach more areas of the country. 80 In the city of Durban, South Africa, the Grants-in-Aid, Non-Racism and Non-Sexism Committee runs several poverty alleviation programmes, aiding groups that traditionally suffer discrimination in several fields, including economic empowerment, education, and social welfare. 81 79. The Special Rapporteur would also like to mention the importance of taking special measures or affirmative action in conformity with general recommendation No. 32 of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. As noted in his report on Bolivia, appraisals of the need for such measures should be carried out on the basis of accurate data, disaggregated by race, colour, descent and ethnic or national origin, and the special measures should be designed and implemented on the basis of prior consultation with affected communities. 82 In 2002, Brazil adopted a National Affirmative Action Programme to address inequalities experienced by Afro-descendants and indigenous populations. Legislation on a Statute on Racial Equality created quotas for Afro-Brazilians and indigenous people in higher education and public service. 83 Finally, a community development programme run by the United Nations Development Programme in Nepal reserves a proportion of funds for excluded groups, including Dalits. 84 __________________ 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 20/22 A/HRC/11/36/Add.3, para. 32. MDG Good Practices, chapter 1, pp. 87-88. A/HRC/17/40/Add.2, paras. 46-47. MDG Good Practices, chapter 1, pp. 23-24. UNESCO, Fighting Racism and Discrimination, p. 43. A/HRC/23/56/Add.1, para. 93. A/HRC/4/9, para. 90. Ibid., para. 92. 13-43133