A/HRC/30/41 64. These gaps and weaknesses in the monitoring and implementation of the human rights of indigenous peoples contribute to a culture of impunity and render the violations of rights invisible to international and national policy makers and legislators. A lack of disaggregated data 65. The effects of those gaps and weaknesses in monitoring are compounded by systemic weaknesses in national data collection systems in relation to understanding indigenous peoples. There is the lack of disaggregated population data, which includes statistics on indigenous women within these groups. In addition, specific information on human rights violations, including those perpetrated against women, is rarely available. That has impeded understanding and comparison of situations of indigenous women and girls, as well as the development of clear accountability structures. Deficiencies in understanding and accountability are powerful barriers to effective strategies for combatting violations of indigenous women’s rights. A lack of inclusive birth registration systems 66. Many countries do not have birth registration systems that robustly provide certification of the births of all indigenous children, which exacerbates the lack of monitoring and disaggregated data. Such lack of birth registration systems places indigenous children and people in a situation of increased vulnerability because they are invisible within the State system. Other consequences include no or limited access to social, health and educational services and increased vulnerability to statelessness or trafficking. 67. Lack of birth registration also compounds statistical gaps in relation to indigenous peoples and their correlative invisibility within political and policy debates. Neo-liberal economic and development paradigms 68. Neo-liberalism is an economic paradigm that champions the power of market forces and argues that, if left unregulated, markets will deliver global development. Neoliberalism grew in dominance in the latter part of the twentieth century and infiltrated development policy. The entry of foreign direct investments in indigenous territories to exploit mineral resources and establish mega-infrastructure projects without the free, informed and prior consent of the citizens impacted by market liberalization and deregulation has led to systematic violations of indigenous land rights and selfdetermination. The global dominance of neo-liberalism has led to development that is measured by overall growth figures, but which gives little weight to whether such development leads to a reduction in inequality or poverty alleviation therefore significantly disadvantaging vulnerable groups, such as indigenous peoples and women. 69. Another way in which neo-liberalism has affected indigenous peoples and women are related to the structural adjustment policies of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Such policy interventions, which are based on neo-liberal doctrines, prescribe harsh fiscal austerity programmes as a remedy for economic underdevelopment and a high ratio of indebtedness in relation to gross domestic product. Dramatic decreases in government spending routinely result in cuts to vital services, which disproportionally impact the most vulnerable, including indigenous women. Issues of jurisdiction 70. There are often complex relationships between the customary jurisdictions of indigenous communities and the national justice systems, which can have a number of implications for women who are victims of violations of their human rights. Firstly, the relationships can create confusion with regard to responsibility for incidences of violence 18