A/HRC/30/41
can lead to multiple violations of their human rights, including severe economic and sexual
exploitation and sexual violence. There are also cases of indigenous women being targeted
by organized traffickers within their own communities. Reports of trafficking of indigenous
women and children include the following:
(a)
In the Miskitu communities of Nicaragua, indigenous women have reported
the phenomenon of selling and trafficking of indigenous girls and boys, citing
communitarian violence as the cause;
(b)
In a number of Asian countries, including Cambodia, India, Nepal and
Thailand, indigenous women are trafficked from their communities into domestic servitude
or forced prostitution;
(c)
Trafficking of indigenous women for the purpose of exploitation has been
reported in Mexico;
(d)
Indigenous women in Canada are reported to be at a greater risk of trafficking
for the purposes of sexual exploitation than non-indigenous women.24
IV. Key challenges and promising practices
A.
Key challenges
Gaps and weaknesses in monitoring systems and implementation
61.
Systematic analysis of the conclusions of United Nations human rights mechanisms
conducted for this report showed significant gaps and weaknesses in relation to the rights of
indigenous women and girls. The Special Rapporteur appreciates the attention of other
mechanisms and agencies, in particular special procedures mandate holders, treaty bodies
and the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UNWomen), and hopes that the developing focus on indigenous women’s rights continues to
grow.
62.
Gaps and weaknesses in some human rights and development monitoring
mechanisms include:
(a)
The lack of geographical balance in relation to the comments made by the
different mechanisms;
(b)
Failure to discuss the role that intersecting forms of vulnerability and
discrimination plays in violations of the rights of indigenous women and girls;
(c)
Limited exploration of the nexus between individual and collective rights;
(d)
The absence of gender analysis when discussing issues that impact
indigenous communities.
63.
Similarly, a number of development and other policy mechanisms, including the
Millennium Development Goals, the proposed sustainable development goals and the
Beijing Platform for Action, have given disproportionally low attention relative to needs.
24
See, for example, Mairin Iwanka Raya: Indigenous women stand against violence (see footnote 18);
Arun Kumar Acharya and Manuel R. Barragan Codina, “Poverty and trafficking of Indigenous
women in Mexico: some evidence from Chiapas State”, Journal of Sustainable Society, vol. 1, No. 3,
2012, pp. 63-69; and Native Women on Canada Association, Sexual exploitation and trafficking of
aboriginal women and girls, Literature review and key informant interviews (March 2014).
17