A/HRC/16/29 Tool 5 – Survey Design, Data Collection and Sampling Method: Case Example from UNDP Ukraine. 50. This tool is provided by UNDP Ukraine. The Autonomous Republic of Crimea is the region where the surveys were conducted. It is a multiethnic region comprised of numerous minorities. This tool provides an example of the rationale, processes and outputs of data collection on ethnic groups. It complements Tool 4 by demonstrating the application of many of the principles of good practice in ethnic data collection and how to operationalize them. The tool gives priority to the collection of comparable and concrete data on social conditions linked to economics, land/housing/living and education issues. The aim is to understand differences between various key demographic subgroups and ensure an overview of the general population of the region. Tool 6 – Measuring ‘Ethnic Distance’ 51. Ethnic distance means the degree of understanding and intimacy between members of social groups, which is manifested in readiness to establish more or less close social relationships with members of this group, or lack thereof. Ethnic distance surveys are useful for assessing the impact of project interventions by making comparative surveys before, after and during the project intervention. Ethnic distance surveys are also used to monitor for early warning indicators of increasing/declining tensions and possible conflict. The tool should be used in collaboration with minority civil society organizations to determine the questions to be asked. Tool 7 – Early Warning on Minorities and Conflict 52. This tool assists in early warning by assessing whether a country is at risk of violent conflict involving minorities. It is adapted from three sources: indicators identified by the United Nations Special Advisor to the Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide; the Indicators for Preventing Genocide adopted by the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) and indicators suggested by Minority Rights Group International in the report Minority Rights: The Key to Conflict Prevention (2007). This tool is presented as an example only and indicators should be adapted to the specific country situation. Tool 8 – Integrating Minorities into the UNDP Programme Cycle 53. This tool is intended to offer tips for UNDP to integrate consideration of minorities into each stage of the programme cycle and in some key components of work, such as the Millennium Development Goals and the Human Development Reports and general engagement with civil society. It includes many of the recommendations made in other components of this Resource Guide and Toolkit. 54. Part IV of the Toolkit provides an overview of the international legal standards and mechanisms relevant for minority rights and regional summaries of minority rights protection. In particular it outlines the main features of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, the relevant United Nations Human Rights Treaties and the functions of its monitoring bodies. It also explains in detail, inter alia, the mandate and the work of the independent expert on minority issues, the Forum on Minority Issues and the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent. 13