A/74/149
many factors, considering that, in some cases, indigenous peoples have or may have
the resources to fully or partially provide for their autonomous functions themselves,
while, in others, dispossession has rendered them dependent upon exter nal support
until they can regain control over their lives. Special measures may be necessary in
that regard.
30. Financial arrangements with formalized indigenous autonomies exist in several
countries, but in most cases it is the State that decides upon t he priorities for the use
of State funding inside indigenous territories. Moreover, transfers are sometimes
channelled through local State authorities who control and condition their use and
take over the administration of the resources and use a good part of them for other
purposes. Culturally inadequate and highly bureaucratic administrative procedures
for gaining access to and making use of the funds are also a problem. 22
31. At the same time, it has been claimed that the State provision of necessary
special measures and basic services has been used as a control and assimilation
mechanism, weakening, instead of strengthening, the enjoyment by indigenous
peoples of their autonomy or self-government. It is essential to fully integrate into
those measure and services the goal of ultimately empowering indigenous peoples to
take control of their own affairs in all spheres of life. 23
32. In that context, the Special Rapporteur reiterates that the ability of indigenous
peoples to decide on and control their own paths of development is a key element for
the functioning of autonomous societies. Indigenous peoples ’ own priorities, models
and proposals should be respected and supported, taking into account that, in most
cases, fulfilment of the right to autonomy or self-government depends upon
indigenous peoples’ capacity to control and use their lands, territories and natural
resources.
D.
Indigenous autonomy or self-government: a variety of contexts
and arrangements
33. Indigenous peoples around the world are extraordinarily diverse. They have
different histories of colonization and relations with surrounding societies, different
world views and different social, political, economic and cultural structures. They
occupy different ecosystems and thus have developed different livelihood systems
best adapted to their lands and territories. Furthermore, they live in different legal and
political contexts, in States that have undergone nation-building processes resulting
in structures that are generally discriminatory towards certain sectors of society and
less tolerant of diversity. Those diversities are dynamic and are constantly evolving
and adapting to broad historical and social processes.
34. In this extremely varied context, indigenous peoples are exercising or s eeking
to exercise their right to autonomy or self-government, translating it from paper into
reality. The Special Rapporteur is conscious that, in most cases, the existing
formalized arrangements are ongoing processes and respond only partially to the ful l
dimension of the right to self-determination. Nonetheless, there is value in examining
and assessing existing realities to draw conclusions and recommendations that could
be taken into account by both States and indigenous peoples for the realization of the
right to autonomy or self-government and the implementation of related State duties.
35. The present section provides an overview of some existing practices, including
legal and other measures, which enable progress in or may be conducive to the
__________________
22
23
10/23
A/HRC/27/52/Add.2, paras. 42–45; A/HRC/21/47/Add.1, para. 70; A/HRC/15/37/Add.3, para. 83.
A/HRC/12/34/Add.2, paras. 25 and 61; A/HRC/15/37/Add.4, paras. 32–49 and 66–70;
A/HRC/36/46/Add.2; CAN 2/2012; CAN 2/2016.
19-11889