A/71/285 95. Many rights-based alternatives to detention exist. 11 A number of countries have moved towards open reception facilities, particularly for vulnerable migrants such as unaccompanied minors and families. However, prolonged immigration detention and its associated negative human rights consequences continue in many countries. 6. The responsibility of States to protect and assist their citizens abroad, including by ensuring proper documentation for their protection and their right to re-entry, as contemplated in the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, and establishing bilateral and regional consular cooperation arrangements, where needed 96. Consulates can add to the difficulties faced by their nationals, as they may show reluctance to support their efforts in pursuing judicial remedies so as not to affect their competitiveness in the international labour recruitment market. Consular support should always be available to migrants in countries of destination 12 so that they are able to access information and assistance on alternatives to exploitative situations and on access to justice and social protection services (see A/70/310). 97. Countries of origin should provide prospective migrants with information on regular migration channels, the risks associated with irregular migration and the recourse available to them in cases of abuse and exploitation. Pre-departure and post-arrival training should be seen as part of an entire curriculum of education developed cooperatively by countries of origin and destination. The Special Rapporteur is aware of countries such as the Philippines that offer and provide such support to their nationals. 98. Consular staffing should be strengthened within missions in countries of destination in order to: allow them to increase the scope of their work, give more attention to combatting the practices of unscrupulous recruiters, respond more effectively in order to protect and promote the rights of migrants and members of their families, where necessary, and provide, in particular, the necessary assistance to any migrants deprived of liberty or subjected to an expulsion order. 7. Stressing, in the global compact, that the return of migrants who do not meet the required international or national legal standards to remain in their host country must be conducted in safety, dignity and respect for human rights, on the basis of: (a) the primacy of voluntary returns; (b) cooperation between States of origin and reception; and (c) enhanced reception and reintegration assistance to those who are returned 99. The Special Rapporteur noted, in recent international conversations, an increased focus on the return of migrants not benefiting fr om refugee protection. Certainly, refugees need protection in accordance with the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. However, all migrants need the protection of their rights in accordance with international human rights law and internatio nal labour law, in particular in cases of detention, physical or mental abuse, labour exploitation, forced labour, return to torture, sexual and gender -based violence, separation of families, privacy and the protection of children. __________________ 11 12 16-13509 R. Sampson, V. Chew, G. Mitchell and L. Bowring, There Are Alternatives: A Handbook for Preventing Unnecessary Immigration Detention, revised ed. (Melbourne, International Detention Coalition, 2015). United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2220, No. 39481; CMW/C/GC/2. 19/24