A/65/295 view that legislative measures on their own are usually insufficient to prevent and combat the aforementioned phenomena effectively. He therefore recommends that States engage in broad efforts to combat negative stereotypes of, and discrimination against, individuals and groups, and to promote diversity. In that regard, he emphasizes the crucial role of education and a variety of awareness-raising measures which contribute to creating tolerant societies, where mutual understanding may be ensured. Racism and conflict 83. As a result of the marginalization, discrimination and sometimes dehumanization they foster within societies, racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance are often among the root causes of conflicts. These scourges may trigger a conflict, exacerbate violence perpetrated against members of certain groups in a situation of conflict or may also reignite a conflict if not adequately addressed within the framework of a peace process. 84. To prevent the eruption of a conflict, it is of utmost importance to identify early warning signs to help recognize and acknowledge situations which might lead to conflict. In that regard, the Special Rapporteur recommends that all relevant stakeholders give due attention to and closely monitor the way in which the concept of national identity is debated within a given country, so that this concept may not be used as a tool to create artificial differences among some groups of the population. Owing to the fact that discriminatory socio-economic practices may, in the long term, contribute to the triggering of conflict, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States take all necessary measures to prevent, prohibit, sanction and offer compensation for socio-economic discriminatory practices targeting certain groups of individuals. He also recommends that measures be taken to address structural conditions, such as unmet human development needs, the socio-economic deprivation of some groups relative to others and the absence or weakness of the rule of law and democratic structures, which may foster the effectiveness of political manipulation of racist or nationalist ideology. 85. Other issues may also contribute to the triggering of conflict, and in that regard, the Special Rapporteur refers to the list of key indicators developed by the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (see CERD/C/67/1) and to the analysis framework of the Special Adviser of the Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide, 13 which help to assess the existence of factors known to be important components of situations leading to conflict and genocide. 86. With regard to hate speech, which may become an effective tool to incite people to commit acts of violence in the context of a given conflict, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States fully comply with their international obligations, in particular with article 4 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and article 20 of the __________________ 13 10-48481 Available from http://www.un.org/preventgenocide/adviser/pdf/OSAPG%20AnalysisFramework ExternalVersion.pdf. 19