A/HRC/23/24 14. The Special Rapporteur is also concerned about the impact of racist and xenophobic ideas and values on some of the most vulnerable groups who have been most affected by the financial and economic crisis. Youth and impoverished citizens who are experiencing unemployment and cuts in social services often do not see any opportunity for improvement or future in regions and countries hardest hit by the crisis. Extremist ideologies grow easily in such a fertile climate of discontent. The Special Rapporteur recalls the importance of education to counter the dissemination of ideas based on racial superiority or hatred and to promote the values of equality, non-discrimination, diversity, democracy and respect for all. The State has an inherent role and responsibility in this area, but the position of the parents and family in fostering a culture of tolerance and respect is also fundamental. 15. The Special Rapporteur is also concerned about the targeting of persons on the basis of their sexual orientation. In this regard, he was informed about attacks by individuals linked to extreme-right and neo-Nazi groups who had beaten homosexual men and lesbian women during or after public manifestations advocating for the recognition of LGBT rights. Similarly, he was informed about laws and regulations that would prohibit such public events, which aim to promote tolerance and the recognition of sexual orientation. In the view of the Special Rapporteur, the identity of an individual is made up of multiple components, including gender, age, nationality, profession, sexual orientation, political opinion, religious affiliation and social origin; therefore, tolerance, mutual understanding and respect for all, without prejudice, stereotyping or discrimination, should be the basis of human relations of any kind. He urges States to take appropriate measures to address the multiple and often interlinked forms of discrimination faced by individuals on the basis of their race, colour, descent, national or ethnic origin or sexual orientation. 16. The Special Rapporteur is concerned that the underreporting of racist crimes by victims continues to be a problem, including in the case of irregular migrants and asylum seekers. Lack of reporting distorts statistics and data, and may as a result create the impression that racist crimes by extremist political parties, movements and groups do not exist or are less prevalent than they actually are. Furthermore, lack of reporting and of reliable data remains an important obstacle to address effectively racist, xenophobic and intolerant crimes by individuals closely linked to extremist political parties, movements and groups. The Special Rapporteur reiterates again the importance of collecting accurate statistics and disaggregated data on racist, xenophobic and homophobic crimes. He also encourages States and civil society actors to establish detailed systems for recording, reporting and monitoring all these incidents and to encourage victims to report them. 17. The Special Rapporteur is also concerned about information received indicating that victims do not report incidents for several reasons, including fear of law enforcement authorities, particularly if their residence status is precarious, a lack of trust in the criminal justice system and in public institutions in general, fear of reprisals, and sometimes language barriers and ignorance of their rights. It is important that victims be made aware of their rights and have access to justice, including reparation. Further measures to better engage with the victims, reduce fears, create a sense of trust between the police, the prosecution and victims, and encourage reporting of such crimes should be taken. Law enforcement officers and members of the judiciary should also be provided with specific training to help them deal with racist and xenophobic crimes in an effective, appropriate and human rights-based manner. III. Good practices in countering extremist political parties, movements and groups 18. The examples of good practices developed to counter extremist political parties, movements and groups given below, while not exhaustive, provide an overview of some of 6