and you have a recipe for Roma women and children to be disproportionately impacted by the risk of statelessness. Nationality laws do not explicitly exclude Roma women and children from citizenship, but they are disproportionately impacted by unsurmountable administrative barriers, discrimination and lack of access to justice. This manifests in intergenerational cycles of exclusion: for example, Roma women face barriers to accessing reproductive healthcare because of documentation problems, so often give birth at home, but then, as a consequence, face barriers to registering their children’s births – in this way, the risk of statelessness is passed on to the next generation. Inequality and lack of documentation also contribute to patterns of violence and exploitation, further exacerbating those inequalities and perpetuating the risk of statelessness. Documentation is often required to access state funded legal aid, even when that legal aid is required precisely to resolve a lack of documentation, denying access to justice. It's easy to put the onus on individuals to seek redress or to blame a supposed lack of interest in accessing documentation or naturalisation procedures on the part of those affected. But that ignores the structural inequalities underpinning these problems, not to mention the voices and agency of people affected, many of whom we have heard in this room. The onus must be on those who hold power – on States – to redress the balance and to engage with those affected to understand how. Progress has been made, and good practice does exist. Our Statelessness Index, launched earlier this year, is an online comparative tool that examines law, policy and practice in countries across Europe, assessing how States protect stateless people and what they are doing to prevent and reduce statelessness; benchmarking performance against international standards. It currently includes 12 countries, and we are adding more as we develop it each year as a tool for everyone working on this issue. The Index highlights that there are solutions. They do exist. It is possible to prevent and reduce statelessness. But to ensure those solutions are effective, it is essential to take an intersectional approach, to harness political will and commitment, and to ensure that the people affected shape and guide the process. Thank you.