A/HRC/45/44 human rights standards, and hold Member States accountable for the situation of human rights of people of African descent in their countries. 84. States, corporations, institutions and individuals must develop the facility to recognize racial discrimination in order to avoid motivating any rationale for disparate access to medicines, treatment or resources. 85. The Working Group recommends that States immediately ensure equitable access to learning and vocational tools, including broadband Internet access. Regulatory authorities in developed regions, like the Federal Communications Commission in the United States of America and the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications in Europe, should compel broadband companies to extend free or heavily subsidized broadband access, hotspots, or equivalent opportunities to children and families. Schoolchildren should be provided with laptop computers or devices to facilitate online learning. 86. In less developed regions, States should ensure free Internet hotspots and subsidize Internet-connected devices, accessible to communities of African descent, and high-quality educational content via mobile telephony or other widely accessible means. 87. States and education stakeholders should act to mitigate student “learning loss”. To avoid further entrenching systemic racism in educational processes, States should consider “criterion reference assessment” methods for students, develop concrete plans, and calibrate resources to ensure educational attainment for students of African descent. States should disrupt patterns that reinforce educator biases. Innovative programmes integrating high school and university to improve educational outcomes, lengthening school days or the academic year, or other strategies should be considered. 88. The Working Group recommends that States support educational institutions traditionally serving students of African descent facing closure due to the pandemic, including historically Black colleges and universities, as the loss of such institutions will permanently compromise access to education for students of African descent. 18