− Efforts should be made to recruit and retain journalists with minority backgrounds into mainstream public media and to ensure that minorities are also represented in broadcasting councils. Special attention should be paid to the needs of numerically smaller minorities or particularly vulnerable groups that usually have very limited access to media in their own languages and suffer from a lack of qualified journalists trained to work in a minority language;126 − With regard to private media, States should consider creating incentives for private and community media providers; for instance, through funding and allocating frequencies, and by increasing, especially numerically smaller, minorities’ access to the media, including media in their languages. Although it may not be illegitimate, per se, to require that private media meet State-language quotas, this is particularly problematic, as it has the potential to unduly limit private initiative and the very existence of minority-language media;127 − Due to the particular significance that print media in minority languages have for minority communities, States should ensure that general rules relating to press subsidies, which often contain conditions such as a minimum print run or nationwide distribution, should not be applied to minority-language print media that are unlikely ever to meet these conditions;128 − The potential of new technologies to facilitate the reception of programming in minority languages that have been produced in other, often neighbouring, countries, should be recognized and may be encouraged, as appropriate. However, they should not substitute locally produced programmes in minority languages. 126 Commentary on Language, paragraphs 41 and 42. 127 Commentary on Language, paragraphs 45 and 46. 128 Commentary on Language, paragraph 47. Guidelines on Integration of Diverse Societies 63

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