− Quotas for public broadcasting in the State language may be legitimate, but should be complemented by special provisions to ensure that the linguistic rights of persons belonging to national minorities are guaranteed; for instance, through the flexible implementation of such quotas and/or through exemptions for regions where minority communities live in substantial numbers. Furthermore, imposing language quotas must never imply regulation of content and must fully respect the freedom of the media. The imposition of rigid quotas on private broadcasters may conflict with freedom of expression. Therefore, promotion of the State language in private broadcasting, where justified by a legitimate aim, may be better achieved through using various economic incentives, including distribution of State grants and support for content production;124 − If subtitling, quotas and/or rebroadcasting requirements are introduced to promote integration, the State should provide adequate financial and technical support to ensure it does not disproportionately affect minority-language use. In some contexts, subtitling can be an effective tool for improving cross-community communication and outreach. For example, multilingual programmes are sometimes created and subtitled in both majority and minority languages to encourage interaction among groups and overcome language barriers; − Minorities’ access to and presence in general public media programming should be promoted, including by creating conditions favourable to diversity and pluralism in the media; − Public service broadcasting should reflect the cultural and linguistic diversity of society. As such, it should guarantee that persons belonging to minorities, including numerically smaller national minorities, and their languages are given adequate representation. This also applies to bodies regulating the broadcast media. States should ensure that the interests of minority-language users are represented or taken into account specifically within regulatory bodies125; − Although it is not uncommon for minorities living in border areas to access broadcasts from neighbouring States with which they may share a common language, this does not absolve the host State from its responsibilities to safeguard minority rights, including linguistic and media-related rights. In any case, it is in the State’s interest to provide information on matters relevant within the State to all members of society. Such outreach is necessary to build a common framework for understanding social processes and thus for the integration of society. The State should consider means to ensure that sufficient information is also available in minority languages; 124 Commentary on Language, paragraph 43. 125 European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, article 11(3). 62 Guidelines on Integration of Diverse Societies