A/77/238 guarantees to safeguard against recurring violations in subsequent conservation projects in the same area. 42 VII. Good practices in promoting indigenous land tenure and management, and benefit-sharing 58. The concept of indigenous and community conserved areas is defined by IUCN as natural and/or modified ecosystems containing significant biodiversity values, ecological benefits and cultural values that are voluntarily conserved by indigenous peoples and local communities, both sedentary and mobile, through customary laws or other effective means. 43 To qualify as an indigenous and community conserved area, the people and the site must be closely interrelated, and the management of the site must lead primarily to the conservation of biodiversity and culture. In 2016, IUCN adopted a policy on recognizing and respecting indigenous and community conserved areas that overlap with protected areas, in which it observed that government-designated and privately protected areas often overlap with indigenous and community conserved areas without appropriate recognition of or respect for them. 44 Indigenous and community conserved areas exist in the Caribbean, Africa and Latin America, and often outperform State-run protected areas. 59. In Peru, Federación Nativa del Río Madre de Dios y Afluentes, in coordination with indigenous peoples and a State agency, is implementing “no contact” protection plans through a network of surveillance checkpoints surrounding indigenou s peoples living in voluntary isolation and initial contact, including points bordering the Madre de Dios Territorial Reserve and the Manu and Alto Purús National Parks. The network monitors threats to the territories of indigenous peoples living in volunt ary isolation and initial contact, documents possible evidence of their presence and implements measures to prevent forced contact and conflicts. 45 60. In Canada, Anishinaabe First Nations played a leading role in preparing the nomination of Pimachiowin Aki to become a World Heritage site, providing informational materials on the nomination process in the Anishanaabemowin or Ojibwe language. The Bloodvein, Little Grand Rapids, Pauingassi and Polar River First Nations, in collaboration with provincial gover nments, nominated the site to protect their ancestral territories, continue community-led stewardship based on Anishinaabe values and create new livelihoods. Included in the World Heritage List in 2018, Pimachiowin Aki is protected and managed cooperatively by the four First Nations and two provincial governments through a consensual, participatory governance structure and management framework grounded in Anishinaabe customary governance and provincial government law and policy. 46 __________________ 42 43 44 45 46 16/20 Communication UA KEN 1/2018 addressed to Kenya, available at https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/ TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=23570; European Union External Action, “EU suspends its support for Water Towers in view of reported human rights abuses”, 17 January 2018, available at www.eeas.europa.eu/node/38343_en; and World Bank Inspection Panel, “Kenya: national resource management project”, available at www.inspectionpanel.org/panel-cases/naturalresource-management-project. Grazia Borrini-Feyerabend, Bio-cultural Diversity Conserved by Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities: Examples and Analysis (Tehran, Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas Consortium and Centre for Sustainable Development, 2010); and www.iccaconsortium.org/ index.php/discover/. Submission by IUCN to the Special Rapporteur. Information received from indigenous peoples during the Special Rapporteur’s academic visit to Peru in 2022. Submission by the International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs to the Special Rapporteur. 22-11289