A/77/238 target, not enough assurances have been given so far to indigenous peoples that their rights will be preserved in the process. They fear a new wave of green investment without recognition of their land tenure, management and knowledge, increased restrictions on access to their lands, waters and resources, and scaled up approaches to conservation based on protected areas, which have proved to generate forced evictions, violence and killings. Real drivers of biodiversity decline, such as industrialization, overconsumption and climate change, must be addressed. Simply enlarging the global protected area surface without ensuring the rights of indigenous peoples dependent on those areas is not the solution. 34. Indigenous peoples call for express recognition of their rig hts under international law, including their right to free, prior and informed consent, and demand a clear commitment to a human rights-based approach in the post-2020 global biodiversity framework. They also call for the inclusion of indicators to monitor indigenous land tenure. 35. The Special Rapporteur welcomes the multiple references to indigenous peoples in the draft targets of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework. Nevertheless, States must demonstrate a genuine commitment to a human rights -based approach to conservation by including express recognition thereof in the final text to be adopted at the fifteenth session of the Conference of the Parties. 2. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage sites 36. Together with previous mandate holders, the Special Rapporteur has long advocated that the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention should be revised in line with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and that further human rights violations at World Heritage sites should be prevented. The World Heritage Committee, which is tasked with implementing the Convention, is a governing body consisting of 21 States, with UNESCO acting as its secretariat. 37. In 2017, following several years of consultations, the UNESCO Executive Board took note with satisfaction of the UNESCO policy on engaging with indigenous peoples. 20 In the policy, it is noted that, consistent with article 41 of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, UNESCO, as a specialized agency of the United Nations, is committed to the full realization of the provisions of the Declaration. UNESCO also commits itself to mainstreaming in its work the rights of indigenous peoples as defined in the Declaration. 38. The inclusion of a site in the World Heritage List implies funding for site protection and conservation and essentially guarantees a sustained increase in tourism and associated economic benefits in the State. UNESCO assumes that the inclusion of a site on indigenous territory in the List will generally have a positive impact on indigenous peoples’ rights. 21 If designed and managed with the inclusion and full and effective participation of indigenous peoples, and with respect for their collective rights, World Heritage sites could serve to support indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and self-determined development. The international attention and oversight that comes with World Heritage status can potentially be used to promote improved indigenous participation in the management and governance of sites, enhanced benefit-sharing and redress for past violations of indigenous rights. 22 __________________ 20 21 22 22-11289 Available at https://en.unesco.org/indigenous-peoples/policy. Submission by UNESCO to the Special Rapporteur. Submission by the International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs to the Special Rapporteur. 11/20