Rights of the child A/RES/70/137 (f) To promote the development of gender-responsive curricula for educational programmes at all levels and to take concrete measures to ensure that educational materials portray women and men, youth, girls and boys in positive and non-stereotypical roles, including in the teaching of scientific and technological subjects; (g) To develop training programmes and materials for teachers and educators that promote equality, cooperation, mutual respect and shared responsibilities between girls and boys from pre-primary level onward; (h) To adopt all appropriate measures to ensure that school discipline is administered in a manner consistent with the child’s human dignity and human rights by taking all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educatio nal measures, in accordance with the best interests of the child, to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse in schools, and in this context to take measures to promote non-violent forms of discipline in schools; (i) To establish child-friendly and confidential counselling, complaints and reporting mechanisms to address incidents of violence, including sexual violence, against children in schools or on the way to or from school, and support the rehabilitation of child victims, as well as for the promotion of training and guidance for teachers and school staff to detect and report cases of violence against children to the relevant authorities; (j) To prevent and protect children from bullying, including cyberbullying and other online risks such as sexual violence and online exploitation, by generating statistical information, promptly and adequately responding to such acts, providing appropriate support and counselling to children affected by and involved in bullying, recognizing the important role that schools can play in preventing and responding to such incidents and in promoting online safety, through close collaboration between governments, teachers, parents, communities, the private sector, civil society, non-governmental organizations and children themselves; (k) To ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education; (l) To strengthen the role of education, including human rights education, as the most effective means of promoting tolerance, in preventing the spread of extremism by instilling respect for human rights and promoting the practice of non-violence, moderation, dialogue and cooperation, calling upon all States, the specialized agencies of the United Nations and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to contribute actively to this endeavour by, inter alia, placing emphasis on civic education and life skills as well as democratic principles and practices at all levels of formal, informal and non -formal education; (m) To take all feasible measures to protect schools from attacks, as well as persons entitled to protection in relation to them in situations of armed conflict, and to refrain from actions that impede children’s access to education; (n) To ensure, as primary duty-bearers, the realization of the right to education in all phases of emergency situations and to implement strategies and policies in this regard as an integral element of humanitarian assistance and humanitarian response, to the maximum of their available resources, with the support of the international community, the United Nations system, donors, multilateral agencies, the private sector, civil society and non-governmental organizations; 13/16