A/HRC/33/57 knowledge and ability to assist those at risk of suicide. Other strategies effective in nonindigenous communities, such as suicide-risk screening, could also be considered.34 59. Information on best practices for the prevention of mental illness and suicide should be shared between communities. Research in the circumpolar region has demonstrated the value of community-based and culturally guided interventions and evaluations, which could be utilized elsewhere.35 Regional coordinating projects, such as the Rising Sun project facilitated by the Arctic Council, assist in sharing data and comparing interventions.36 Finally, promising new initiatives such as the “health scouts” programme in the Philippines, where children lead resilience training, should be explored.37 VI. Health rights of key indigenous groups Women’s health A. 60. Indigenous women experience a broad, multifaceted and complex spectrum of mutually reinforcing human rights abuses (A/HRC/30/41); these frequently include health rights violations that extend beyond denial of access to medical services. 61. Firstly, indigenous women face many barriers to the realization of their sexual and reproductive health and rights. A lack of available, accessible and acceptable health-care services, as well as limited access to good-quality care, contributes to disproportionately high rates of maternal mortality, teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections and to low rates of utilization of contraceptives, as indigenous women are often excluded from reproductive health services. High rates of teenage pregnancy can also be attributed to certain structural causes such as a lack of education for girls and forced marriage. 62. Secondly, indigenous women persistently experience high rates of maternal illhealth. Globally, maternal mortality rates are consistently higher among indigenous women than among non-indigenous women.38 Indigenous women are frequently at risk of undernourishment, anaemia and other nutritional deficiencies, illnesses such as gestational diabetes and frequently have little or no access to basic antenatal, intra-partum and postnatal care.39 63. Finally, indigenous women and girls continue to experience violence at higher rates than the general population. In accordance with article 22 (2) of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, States should take measures to ensure that indigenous women enjoy full protection against all forms of violence and discrimination. Nevertheless, indigenous women are disproportionately represented among victims of rape, assault and other forms of violence. Many forms of violence against indigenous women have a strong intergenerational element and stem from marginalization and legacies of 34 35 36 37 38 39 16 Anton Clifford, Christopher Doran and Komla Tsey, “A systematic review of suicide prevention interventions targeting indigenous peoples in Australia, United States, Canada and New Zealand”, BMC Public Health, vol. 13 (2013). Jennifer Redvers and others, “A scoping review of indigenous suicide prevention in circumpolar regions”, International Journal of Circumpolar Health, vol. 74 (2015). Submission by the Inuit Circumpolar Council. Penelope Domogo, presentation to the Expert Seminar on Indigenous Peoples and the Right to Health. Ibid. Michael Gracey and Malcolm King, “Indigenous health part 1: determinants and disease patterns”, The Lancet, vol. 374, No. 9683 (July 2009).