E/CN.4/1996/72/Add.3 page 21 Bombings are rare, 3 but physical attacks are more common. Desecrations and especially manifestations such as threats, insults or intimidation are, however, high in number. Large numbers of leaflets and other pieces of writing are also produced by revisionists. In contrast, anti-Zionist acts perpetrated by the extreme left (the former Action directe) and especially by persons from the Middle East, are much more serious, as shown by the attacks carried out in 1980 and 1982. The consequences of recent acts attributable to Arab-Islamic groups have proved to be milder. Racism in general and anti-Maghrebi racism in France (excluding anti-Semitism) Aspects of the violence Unlike anti-Semitism, racist acts are often more serious for the victims, who are private individuals. Between 1980 and 1994, 26 persons were killed and 351 were injured. The Maghrebi population is consistently one of the most popular targets for such violence, although the proportion of acts directed against it continues to drop by comparison with racist violence as a whole: 62 per cent in 1994, as opposed to 71 per cent four years ago. 1980-1984 Violent acts Deaths Injuries Anti-Maghrebi racism 553 24 270 Other forms of racism 161 2 81 Since 1987, a not-insignificant proportion of this violence has been committed by skinheads. This type of threat, which also tends to be directed against North Africans in particular, often takes the form of leaflets, most of them incendiary. The first pamphlet of this kind, known as the “ fake leaflet ” by the Amicale des Algériens in Europe (ADAE), dates back to 1966. It still appears in France from time to time. Its success has led to other initiatives along the same lines: “Mon cher Mustapha”, which came out in 1982; “JALB”, in December 1987; and “Francarabia”, in January 1989. Since 1992, three new leaflets have been widely distributed: “Le Boukcaque”, “La demande de naturalisation” and “Le permis à points”. 3 It should, however, be recalled that a Jewish woman was murdered by a neo-Nazi in Le Cannet (06) on 3 August 1984.