A/HRC/54/71 triggered by skin colour. Efforts are underway to prepare a new National Plan of Action against racism, and the country is actively involved in projects to integrate migrants and refugees, promoting vocational training and job opportunities. Italy noted that the Working Group’s recommendation to include people of African descent in relevant decision-making mechanisms aligns with Italy’s commitment to equality, and it is exploring reforms to grant undocumented migrants access to basic human rights and pathways to citizenship. 8. Luxembourg’s efforts to combat racism and racial discrimination involve a combination of approaches. A general approach concerning all the population without distinction of race or ethnic origin, and a targeted one focusing on groups at risk of discrimination including people of African descent. It noted that concrete measures have been implemented in research, training, awareness-raising, and legislation. Research aims to understand and measure racism, while training focuses on capacity-building and awareness of racial biases. Awareness initiatives are undertaken by civil society organizations with public funding, promoting inclusion and challenging stereotypes. Legislation includes laws facilitating nationality access, protecting victims of discrimination, and consolidating non-discrimination principles in the Constitution. A National Action Plan against racism is being developed in collaboration with stakeholders, and a law on intercultural coexistence is being drafted to replace the current integration law, emphasizing the fight against racism and discrimination. 9. Mexico highlighted that the constitution and the Federal Law to Prevent and Eliminate Discrimination (LFPED) protect the right to equality and non-discrimination. The National Program for Equality and Non-Discrimination (PRONAIND) implements strategies and actions to combat racism and discrimination systematically. It aims to change norms, promote cultural sensitivity, and generate inclusive measures in various sectors. Specific actions include strengthening medical services regulation, combating stigmas related to drugs and disabilities, addressing school bullying, and promoting inclusion for marginalized groups. Additionally, the National Survey on Discrimination (ENADIS) provides data on discrimination’s extent and its impact on vulnerable communities, such as indigenous and Afro-Mexican populations. These efforts demonstrate Mexico’s commitment to equality, inclusion, and eradicating racism and discrimination. 10. Netherlands noted its efforts to address racism and promote equality for people of African descent. Acknowledging the existence of racism, the government committed to combating institutional racism and issued an apology for its historical role in enslavement. The appointment of a National Coordinator against Discrimination and Racism (NCDR) aimed to engage all stakeholders in countering discrimination and hate crime. Training sessions for civil servants were initiated to raise awareness and combat discriminatory decision-making. Improved data collection and analysis on discrimination incidents facilitated targeted positive measures. The government also emphasized media and cultural representation to combat stereotypes and promote inclusivity. Moreover, changes to the Sinterklaas celebration were made to address negative stereotyping. Despite these achievements, ongoing efforts are necessary to bridge gaps, increase financial support to Curaçao, and repeal legislation resulting in differential treatment within the Kingdom to ensure a more inclusive and equal society. 11. Norway highlighted various measures taken to combat racism and discrimination based on ethnicity, national origin, and skin colour. The country has implemented action plans against racism and discrimination in different sectors, focusing on promoting diversity, inclusion, and dialogue. Norway has established a grant scheme to support initiatives against racism and hate speech, and a new Integration Act aims to ensure early integration of immigrants into Norwegian society. The government has funded research on public attitudes towards ethnic and religious minorities and has developed measures to address racism and discrimination based on external characteristics. Efforts are made to increase diversity and inclusion in arts, cultural life, media, voluntary work, and sports. The sports sector works actively to prevent racism and discrimination, promoting zero tolerance for any form of discrimination and harassment. 12. Portugal has taken significant and comprehensive measures to address the recommendations of the Working Group. They have implemented a Plan for Prevention of Discrimination in Security Forces, launched Guidelines on Preventing and Combating Racial GE.23-15301 23