CRC/C/15/Add.137 page 13 70. The Committee recommends that measures be taken on an urgent basis, such as a comprehensive programme to prevent and combat the trafficking and sale of children, including an awareness-raising campaign and educational programmes, in particular in the rural areas and for concerned governmental officials. 71. Furthermore, the Committee welcomes the State party’s signature of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography and encourages the State party to ratify and implement it as soon as possible. The administration of juvenile justice 72. While the Committee takes note that prisons for children have been closed and that re-education centres for children in conflict with the law have been established, it remains concerned, inter alia, at the situation of children placed in these centres, in particular regarding their long-term placement, which constitutes a form of deprivation of liberty; that deprivation of liberty and isolation of juveniles are systematically used in police stations; that juvenile courts use measures of confinement not as a measure of last resort; at the lack of alternative measures to the use of deprivation of liberty (e.g. assisted liberty); and at the insufficient re-education and rehabilitation measures for juveniles offenders. 73. In the light of articles 37, 40 and 39 and other relevant United Nations standards in this field, such as the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (the Beijing Rules), the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (the Riyadh Guidelines) and the United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty, the Committee recommends that the State party: (a) Ensure that deprivation of liberty is used only as a measure of last resort, for the shortest period and only for serious offences; (b) To improve the living conditions of children in re-education centres; (c) To strengthen and increase its efforts to develop alternative measures to the deprivation of liberty; (d) To develop effective probation services for juveniles, in particular those who are released from re-education centres in order to support their reintegration in society; (e) To strengthen its training programmes on the relevant international standards for judges, professionals and staff working in the field of juvenile justice. The Committee recommends that the State party seek international assistance in the area of juvenile justice from inter alia, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the Centre for International Crime Prevention, UNICEF and the International Network on Juvenile Justice through the Coordination Panel on Technical Advice and Assistance on Juvenile Justice.