The United States has no national right to education, though every local jurisdiction has a comprehensive educational system that requires attendance by children. Equally significant, education has become far more important in the United States and in its economy and today high quality education is a virtual necessity. Lack of high quality education often precludes meaningful participation in the American economy where almost every job requires proficiency in reading and writing, and often much more. Currently, virtually all children have access to schools, there is a gross disparity along racial lines with respect to educational outcomes. Attending some school and graduating with a high quality education are two very different outcomes. African American and other non white students are on average not obtaining the high quality education that is now a necessity. A comparison of high school graduation rates paints a very disturbing but clear picture. In its fifty largest public school districts, United States high schools fail to graduate almost half of their students, and the overwhelming majority of those ungraduated students are Black or Latino. In some school districts which have very high minority populations the graduation rates are far worse. In Detroit it is 25%. In Cleveland it is 34%. In Baltimore it is 35%. In the New