A/78/162 employment opportunities. However, the benefits of tourism are not always culturally appropriate or gender-inclusive and may not consider potential intergenerational impacts. The short-term economic benefits of tourism projects are often disproportionately minimal or may not consider the long-term adverse impacts on Indigenous Peoples and their lands. 18 15. Massive foreign investments in hotel and luxury resorts have opened the way to wide-scale tourism development in countries of the global South, where, because of their once pristine, secluded or biodiverse qualities, Indigenous lands have become holiday destinations for a growing number of visitors from the industrialized North. 19 In response to growing public concerns over the negative impacts of large -scale tourism, new models of tourism such as ecotourism, responsible tourism or backyard tourism have recently emerged, but such models will not yield any significant improvement for the rights of Indigenous Peoples if they are not consulted and, at the very least, co-managing the projects. 20 16. The public and private tourism industry must monitor the environmental and social impacts of tourism not only to address the concerns of socially and environmentally conscious clients, but also to fulfil their obligations under international law, including the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and existing human rights standards on Indigenous Peoples. A. Economic, social and cultural rights and the right to development 17. If implemented under the human rights framework, sustainable, responsible and ethical tourism, can provide socioeconomic benefits for Indigenous Peoples and contribute to the realization of their economic and social rights, such as access to water and sanitation, economic opportunities from employment, t he sale of artisanal goods and revenue generated from accommodations, cultural tours and entertainment. In Canada, tourism employs more Indigenous workers than any other industry, and Indigenous tourism is growing faster than the tourism sector as a whole. 21 In Chile, tourism initiatives have promoted Indigenous women’s entrepreneurship and economic autonomy, and women lead 55 per cent of the Indigenous tourism industry. 22 18. Indigenous Peoples can also benefit from infrastructure set up to service tourism resorts, including roads, airports, cultural centres, schools, hospitals and sanitation facilities, provided that they give their free, prior and informed consent to such developments and that the infrastructure, although developed primarily for the purpose of tourism, fully accommodates Indigenous Peoples’ needs, livelihoods and cultural specificities. 23 However, tourism development on Indigenous lands rarely benefits Indigenous Peoples and the construction of infrastructure is likely to cause disruption of their economic and subsistence activities, such as hunting, fishing and gathering. In South-East Asia, the overdevelopment of beach resorts has caused the displacement of Indigenous Peoples and restricted access to traditional fishing grounds. 24 In some cases, Indigenous Peoples must travel further out into the ocean __________________ 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 23-13642 Submission by Assembly of First Nations. Submission by ICCA Philippines. Oral intervention; Special Rapporteur consultation of 26 May 2023. Submission by Canada. Submission by Chile. Submission by Center for Enhancing Democracy and Good Governance and Endorois People, Kenya. Submission by ICCA Philippines. 7/25