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game parks, 2 luxury resorts, 3 sporting events 4 and other tourism projects. 5 The report
is informed by information collected during the Special Rapporteur ’s academic and
official visits as well as inputs provided in response to a questionnaire addressed to
States, United Nations agencies, Indigenous Peoples’ organizations and
non-governmental organizations and by consultations with Indigenous Peoples ’
representatives on 25 and 26 May 2023.
5.
The secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity 6 and the International
Union for Conservation of Nature 7 have both published guidelines on sustainable
tourism, while the non-profit sector has provided guidance, standards and
certification on sustainable tourism and ecotourism. 8 In 2017, the International
Labour Organization (ILO) adopted the Guidelines on Decent Work and Socially
Responsible Tourism, which highlight the potential of the tourism sector for
community inclusion and the need to promote equality and non -discrimination,
including for Indigenous Peoples. In May 2022, the General Assembly held a high level thematic debate on tourism, which underscored the importance of advancing a
multidisciplinary, multisectoral approach to sustainable tourism by engaging all
actors in designing and implementing sustainable tourism strategies and models. 9
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Communication UGA 5/2022 addressed to Uganda, available at
https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=27587 ;
and communication TZA 2/2019 addressed to the United Republic of Tanzania, available at
https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=24872 .
Communication NPL 1/2021 addressed to Nepal, available at https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/
TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=26282; and communication BGD
8/2020 addressed to Bangladesh, available at https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/
DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=25810.
Communication IND 3/2022 addressed to India, available at https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TM
ResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=27159; communication ESP 2/2021
addressed to Spain, available at https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoad
PublicCommunicationFile?gId=26298 (in Spanish); communication USA 15/2021 addressed to
the United States of America, available at https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/
DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=26299; communication FRA 3/2021 addressed to
France, available at https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublic
CommunicationFile?gId=26297 (in French); and communication IDN 5/2021 addressed to
Indonesia, available at https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublic
CommunicationFile?gId=26108.
Communication MEX 11/2020 addressed to Mexico, available at https://spcommreports.
ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=25562 (in Spanish).
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Managing tourism and biodiversity –
User’s manual on the CBD Guidelines on Biodiversity and Tourism Development (Montreal,
Canada, 2007). Available at https://www.cbd.int/doc/programmes/tourism/tourism-manual-en.pdf;
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Tourism Supporting Biodiversity – A
Manual on applying the CBD Guidelines on Biodiversity and Tourism Development (Montreal,
Canada, 2015). Available at https://www.cbd.int/tourism/doc/tourism-manual-2015-en.pdf; and
Anna Spenceley, Susan Snyman and Paul F.J. Eagles, Guidelines for tourism partnerships and
concessions for protected areas: Generating sustainable revenues for conser vation and
development (2017).
Paul F.J. Eagles, Stephen F. McCool and Christopher D.A. Haynes, Sustainable Tourism in
Protected Areas: Guidelines for Planning and Management (Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, International Union for Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources, 2002).
The International Ecotourism Society and Global Sustainable Tourism Council, among others.
Summary by the President of the General Assembly, “Putting sustainable and resilient tourism at
the heart of an inclusive recovery” (United Nations Headquarters, New York, 2022). Available at
https://www.un.org/pga/76/wp-content/uploads/sites/101/2022/06/HLTD-on-Tourism-Summary.pdf.
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