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which killed 52 commuters and the 4 suicide bombers. Two weeks after the Special Rapporteur
concluded her visit, two further terror attacks were attempted in London and Glasgow.
Currently, 46 international terrorist organizations are proscribed under the Terrorism Act 2000
and another 14 organizations in Northern Ireland are proscribed under previous legislation.
41. While anti-terror laws do not refer directly to specific religions or beliefs, the
implementation of counter-terrorism measures such as police stop-and-search powers and
religious profiling are largely perceived as targeting Muslims. The Special Rapporteur has for
example received allegations that officers of the special branch asked Muslim tourists at airports
how often they and other family members attended mosque. The practical implementation of
section 44 of the Terrorism Act 2000, which authorizes the police in designated areas to stop and
search people without having to show reasonable suspicion, seems to affect ethnic and religious
minorities more than other groups, especially since the attacks of 7 July 2005. The latest figures
for England and Wales (2004/2005 and 2005/2006) show that searches of people with Asian
appearance under this provision increased by 84 per cent, compared to an increase of only
24 per cent for White people.5 The Special Rapporteur was informed that Muslim youths living
in the United Kingdom are particularly disturbed at the idea of being stopped and searched
simply because they appear to be of Islamic faith.
42. Furthermore, a lawyer informed the Special Rapporteur about the potential abuse of the
provisions on the failure to disclose information about acts of terrorism with regard to
professional legal advisers who represent terror suspects. Allegedly, police constables threatened
to charge a young solicitor under section 38B of the Terrorism Act 2000 after the first meeting
with his Muslim client unless the solicitor disclosed the contents of their conversation.
Recognizing the possible tension between the duty of solicitors to advance the interests of their
clients and the interests of the public as a whole, the Law Society recently published an
anti-terrorism practice note on the conflicting duties of maintaining client confidentiality and
reporting terrorism.6
3. Religious education and collective worship
43. In England and Wales, syllabuses on religious education are prepared separately for each
local authority. The Special Rapporteur was informed that - following a 1994 circular by the
Department for Education and Skills - only a few “representatives of belief systems such as
humanism, which do not amount to a religion or religious denomination”, were included on
relevant committees. Furthermore, while the non-statutory National Framework for Religious
Education also includes “a secular world view, where appropriate” in the areas of study, this
seems to be a concession rather than the result of a legal requirement. At the same time,
5
6
Ministry of Justice, Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System - 2006, pp. 26 and 34.
The Law Society, practice note of 19 July 2007 available online at
http://lawsociety.org.uk/documents/downloads/dynamic/practicenote_terrorismact2000.pdf.